安装 Node.js

Node.js 是一个开源、跨平台的 JavaScript 运行时环境。简单来说，Node.js 就是运行在服务器端的 JavaScript。Node.js 在浏览器之外运行 V8 JavaScript 引擎，即 Google Chrome 的核心。这使得 Node.js 的性能非常出色。

Node.js 特点

• 单线程和事件驱动架构：Node.js 使用单线程来处理请求，但通过事件驱动和非阻塞 I/O 操作的特性，能够使其更加高效地处理高并发连接，而不会阻塞线程，通常被用于构建快速、可扩展的 web 服务器。
• 异步和非阻塞 I/O：这使 Node.js 能够处理高并发的请求，非常适合 I/O 密集型应用，如文件读取、数据库操作和网络请求。
• 跨平台支持：Node.js 可以在 Windows、Linux 和 MacOS 等多个操作系统上运行。
• 庞大的生态系统：Node.js 拥有一个名为 npm（Node Package Manager）的生态系统，其中有丰富的第三方库和模块，可以用来扩展功能和加速开发。

根据上面对 Node.js 的概述，我们了解到了它功能的强大，下面我们将开始下载安装 Node.js，具体操作如下所示。

1. 下载 Node.js （下载网址：https://nodejs.cn/download/），本文推荐下载的版本为 v16，本文下载版本为 node-v16.17.1-x64.msi，具体操作步骤如下所示。

   • 首先点击中文下载网址https://nodejs.cn/download/，然后点击全部安装包链接进入下载页面。

     

   • 进入下载页面后点击 Parent Directory 链接进入下载父页面。

     

   • 进入下载父页面后，你可以看见所有 Node.js 版本的下载链接，我们只需要找到 v16 版本的下载链接并点击进入即可，具体的操作如下所示。

     

   • 进入到版本为 v16 的下载页面后，找到具体版本 node-v16.17.1-x64.msi的下载链接后，点击该链接即可开始下载 Node.js。

     

     至此，Node.js 的下载操作就到此结束了。

2. 安装 Node.js。Node.js 下载完成后，找到 Node.js 的存储位置并双击 msi 文件即可开始 Node.js 的安装操作了。本文 Node.js 的存储位置为‪H:\NodeJS安装文档\node-v16.17.1-x64.msi。

   

   安装 Node.js 的具体操作如下所示。

   • 鼠标双击 msi 安装文件 node-v16.17.1-x64.msi，弹出如下所示的界面，点击 Next 按钮进入下一步操作。

     

   • 进入到本页面后先勾选I accept the terms in the License Agreement文字前方的单选框，然后点击 Next 按钮。

     

   • 进入到本页面后，修改 Node.js 的安装目录，修改为D:\opt\app\nodejs\目录，然后点击 Next 按钮。

     

   • 进入本页面后，不需要做任何修改，只需要点击 Next 按钮即可。

     

   • 进入本页面后，不需要做任何修改，只需要点击 Next 按钮即可。

     

   • 进入本页面后，点击 Install 按钮即可开始 Node.js 的安装操作。

     

   • 进入本页面后，若看到Node.js has been successfully installed，则表示 Node.js 已经成功安装。

     

   至此，Node.js 的安装操作就结束了。

3. 配置 Node.js。Node.js 安装完成之后，就可以开始对 Node.js 进行配置，方便后期对后端管理系统的前端进行开发。具体操作如下所示。

   • 安装完成 Node.js 之后，先验证一下 Node.js 的环境变量，输入命令node -v进行验证。按住 win 键和 R 键，输入 cmd，然后就可以验证 Node.js 的环境变量了。

     Microsoft Windows [版本 10.0.26100.7171]
     (c) Microsoft Corporation。保留所有权利。
     
     C:\Users\leolei>node -v
     v16.17.1
     
     C:\Users\leolei>
     

     若屏幕输出如上所示的信息，即证明 Node.js 安装成功了。

   • 经过上述操作的验证，Node.js 安装成功。然后开始配置 npm 的全局安装路径。具体操作如下所示。

     同时安装 win 键和 S 键，然后输入cmd，并以管理员身份运行命令行，操作步骤如下所示。

     

     以管理员身份运行命令行后，输入命令npm config set prefix "D:\opt\app\nodejs\"配置 npm 的全局安装路径。注意：D:\opt\app\nodejs\这个目录是 Node.js 的安装目录。

     Microsoft Windows [版本 10.0.26100.7171]
     (c) Microsoft Corporation。保留所有权利。
     
     C:\Windows\System32>npm config set prefix "D:\opt\app\nodejs\"
     
     C:\Windows\System32>
     

     若命令行界面输入命令后屏幕下未输出任何信息，则证明 npm 的全局安装路径配置成功。

   • npm 配置全局安装路径成功后，切换 npm 的淘宝镜像，具体操作如下所示。

     使用管理员身份运行命令行，在命令行中输入命令npm config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com/。屏幕输出如下所示的信息。

     C:\Windows\System32>npm config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com/
     
     C:\Windows\System32>
     

   • 使用管理员身份运行命令行，在命令行中输入命令npm install -g @vue/cli，安装 vue/cli 的过程中会联网下载东西，可能会耗时几分钟，请耐心等待。

     C:\Windows\System32>npm install -g @vue/cli
     npm WARN EBADENGINE Unsupported engine {
     npm WARN EBADENGINE   package: '@inquirer/external-editor@1.0.3',
     npm WARN EBADENGINE   required: { node: '>=18' },
     npm WARN EBADENGINE   current: { node: 'v16.17.1', npm: '8.15.0' }
     npm WARN EBADENGINE }
     npm WARN deprecated urix@0.1.0: Please see https://github.com/lydell/urix#deprecated
     npm WARN deprecated source-map-url@0.4.1: See https://github.com/lydell/source-map-url#deprecated
     npm WARN deprecated resolve-url@0.2.1: https://github.com/lydell/resolve-url#deprecated
     npm WARN deprecated source-map-resolve@0.5.3: See https://github.com/lydell/source-map-resolve#deprecated
     npm WARN deprecated rimraf@2.6.3: Rimraf versions prior to v4 are no longer supported
     npm WARN deprecated @babel/plugin-proposal-optional-chaining@7.21.0: This proposal has been merged to the ECMAScript standard and thus this plugin is no longer maintained. Please use @babel/plugin-transform-optional-chaining instead.
     npm WARN deprecated @babel/plugin-proposal-nullish-coalescing-operator@7.18.6: This proposal has been merged to the ECMAScript standard and thus this plugin is no longer maintained. Please use @babel/plugin-transform-nullish-coalescing-operator instead.
     npm WARN deprecated @babel/plugin-proposal-class-properties@7.18.6: This proposal has been merged to the ECMAScript standard and thus this plugin is no longer maintained. Please use @babel/plugin-transform-class-properties instead.
     npm WARN deprecated inflight@1.0.6: This module is not supported, and leaks memory. Do not use it. Check out lru-cache if you want a good and tested way to coalesce async requests by a key value, which is much more comprehensive and powerful.
     npm WARN deprecated glob@7.2.3: Glob versions prior to v9 are no longer supported
     npm WARN deprecated rimraf@3.0.2: Rimraf versions prior to v4 are no longer supported
     npm WARN deprecated apollo-server-plugin-base@3.7.2: The `apollo-server-plugin-base` package is part of Apollo Server v2 and v3, which are now end-of-life (as of October 22nd 2023 and October 22nd 2024, respectively). This package's functionality is now found in the `@apollo/server` package. See https://www.apollographql.com/docs/apollo-server/previous-versions/ for more details.
     npm WARN deprecated apollo-server-errors@3.3.1: The `apollo-server-errors` package is part of Apollo Server v2 and v3, which are now end-of-life (as of October 22nd 2023 and October 22nd 2024, respectively). This package's functionality is now found in the `@apollo/server` package. See https://www.apollographql.com/docs/apollo-server/previous-versions/ for more details.
     npm WARN deprecated apollo-datasource@3.3.2: The `apollo-datasource` package is part of Apollo Server v2 and v3, which are now end-of-life (as of October 22nd 2023 and October 22nd 2024, respectively). See https://www.apollographql.com/docs/apollo-server/previous-versions/ for more details.
     npm WARN deprecated apollo-reporting-protobuf@3.4.0: The `apollo-reporting-protobuf` package is part of Apollo Server v2 and v3, which are now end-of-life (as of October 22nd 2023 and October 22nd 2024, respectively). This package's functionality is now found in the `@apollo/usage-reporting-protobuf` package. See https://www.apollographql.com/docs/apollo-server/previous-versions/ for more details.
     npm WARN deprecated apollo-server-env@4.2.1: The `apollo-server-env` package is part of Apollo Server v2 and v3, which are now end-of-life (as of October 22nd 2023 and October 22nd 2024, respectively). This package's functionality is now found in the `@apollo/utils.fetcher` package. See https://www.apollographql.com/docs/apollo-server/previous-versions/ for more details.
     npm WARN deprecated apollo-server-types@3.8.0: The `apollo-server-types` package is part of Apollo Server v2 and v3, which are now end-of-life (as of October 22nd 2023 and October 22nd 2024, respectively). This package's functionality is now found in the `@apollo/server` package. See https://www.apollographql.com/docs/apollo-server/previous-versions/ for more details.
     npm WARN deprecated subscriptions-transport-ws@0.11.0: The `subscriptions-transport-ws` package is no longer maintained. We recommend you use `graphql-ws` instead. For help migrating Apollo software to `graphql-ws`, see https://www.apollographql.com/docs/apollo-server/data/subscriptions/#switching-from-subscriptions-transport-ws    For general help using `graphql-ws`, see https://github.com/enisdenjo/graphql-ws/blob/master/README.md
     npm WARN deprecated apollo-server-core@3.13.0: The `apollo-server-core` package is part of Apollo Server v2 and v3, which are now end-of-life (as of October 22nd 2023 and October 22nd 2024, respectively). This package's functionality is now found in the `@apollo/server` package. See https://www.apollographql.com/docs/apollo-server/previous-versions/ for more details.
     npm WARN deprecated apollo-server-express@3.13.0: The `apollo-server-express` package is part of Apollo Server v2 and v3, which are now end-of-life (as of October 22nd 2023 and October 22nd 2024, respectively). This package's functionality is now found in the `@apollo/server` package. See https://www.apollographql.com/docs/apollo-server/previous-versions/ for more details.
     npm WARN deprecated vue@2.7.16: Vue 2 has reached EOL and is no longer actively maintained. See https://v2.vuejs.org/eol/ for more details.
     
     added 843 packages in 23s
     

     若屏幕输出上述类似信息，即证明 vue/cli 安装成功。

   • 若根据上述信息你不能判断 vue/cli 是否安装成功，你还可以输入命令vue --version查看是否输出版本号，若输版本号，则证明安装成功，反之，则没有安装成功。

     C:\Windows\System32>vue --version
     @vue/cli 5.0.9
     

     根据屏幕的输出信息，可以知道 vue/cli 安装成功。

至此，Node.js 的安装和配置就结束了。