颉斌斌考研英语词汇背诵宝

资料	链接
考研英语词汇背诵宝	https://pan.quark.cn/s/a5f150e22700

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背诵思路（3 条）

步骤	做法
① 语境记义	先读原句，再记词义，不脱离上下文
② 抓同义替换	题干/选项常考近义改写，背「词 ↔ 替换词」
③ 回文复现	同一篇文章里圈出 5–8 个高频词，隔天默写原句

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一、【2024 英语（二）Text 1】AI 与不平等

原文（节选）

Anger over AI’s role in exacerbating inequality could endanger the technology’s future. In her new book, Diane Coyle argues that the digital economy requires new ways of thinking about progress. “Whatever we mean by the economy growing, the gains will have to be more evenly shared than in the recent past,” she writes. “An economy of tech millionaires and gig workers, with middle-income jobs undercut by automation, will not be politically sustainable.”

Improving living standards will require greater use of digital technologies to boost productivity in various sectors. But people can’t be expected to embrace the changes if they’re just seeing good jobs being destroyed.

Coyle fears that tech’s inequality problem could be a roadblock to deploying AI. “We’re talking about disruption,” she says. “These are transformative technologies.” To make such tremendous changes, you need social buy-in.

Resentment is simmering among many as the benefits are perceived to go to elites in a handful of prosperous cities. Geographical disparities in wealth will continue to soar, fostering political and social unrest. Part of the solution could lie in loosening the stranglehold that Big Tech has on defining the AI agenda.

核心词汇表

单词/短语	词性	释义	同义替换 / 考点
exacerbate	v.	加剧、恶化	worsen, aggravate
endanger	v.	危及	threaten, put at risk
evenly shared	短语	均匀分配	benefit people equally
gig worker	n.	零工/灵活就业者	freelance worker
undercut	v.	削弱、低价冲击	weaken, erode
politically sustainable	短语	政治上可持续	—
boost productivity	短语	提高生产率	raise overall work efficiency
embrace	v.	接受、拥抱	accept, welcome
roadblock	n.	障碍	barrier, obstacle
deploy	v.	部署、应用	put into use
disruption	n.	颠覆、破坏	transformative change
transformative	adj.	变革性的	revolutionary
social buy-in	短语	社会认同/支持	public acceptance
simmer	v.	酝酿、 simmering=暗涌	smolder
disparity	n.	差距、不平等	gap, inequality
soar	v.	飙升	rise sharply
unrest	n.	动荡	turmoil
stranglehold	n.	扼制、垄断控制	tight control
loosen	v.	放松、削弱	ease, reduce

背诵提示

• exacerbate / endanger 常成对出现，描述「AI 加剧不平等 → 危及技术前景」。
• roadblock to deploying = 选项「难以推广/不受欢迎」类干扰项的原文依据。
• disparity / evenly shared / undercut 三条线串起来：分配不均 → 中产岗位被自动化冲击 → 需要更公平的增长。

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二、【2019 英语（一）Text 2】GPA 膨胀与「成绩宽恕」

原文（节选）

Grade inflation—the gradual increase in average GPAs over the past few decades—is often considered a product of a consumer era in higher education, in which students are treated like customers to be pleased. But another force—grade forgiveness—is helping raise GPAs.

Grade forgiveness allows students to retake a course in which they received a low grade, and the most recent or highest grade is the only one that counts in calculating a student’s overall GPA.

The use of this little-known practice has accelerated in recent years, as colleges continue to do their utmost to keep students in school and improve their graduation rates. When this practice first started, it was usually limited to freshmen, to give them a second chance in their transition to college-level courses.

College officials emphasize that the goal is less about the grade itself and more about encouraging students to retake courses critical to their degree program without incurring a big penalty. For public institutions, state funds are sometimes tied partly to metrics such as graduation rates and student retention—so better grades can mean more money.

Indeed, grade forgiveness is just another way that universities are responding to consumers’ expectations. Students’ and colleges’ incentives seem to be aligned.

核心词汇表

单词/短语	词性	释义	同义替换 / 考点
grade inflation	n.	分数膨胀	rising GPAs
consumer era	短语	消费者时代	customer-oriented culture
grade forgiveness	n.	成绩宽恕/重修覆盖	retake policy
retake	v.	重修	take again
little-known	adj.	鲜为人知的	obscure
accelerate	v.	加速	speed up
do one’s utmost	短语	竭尽全力	try one’s best
graduation rate	n.	毕业率	completion rate
freshman	n.	大一新生	first-year student
second chance	短语	第二次机会	—
college-level	adj.	大学水平的	—
critical to	短语	对……至关重要	essential to
incur	v.	招致、承担	suffer
penalty	n.	惩罚、代价	punishment, cost
be tied to	短语	与……挂钩	be linked to
student retention	n.	学生留存率	keeping students enrolled
incentive	n.	动机、利益驱动	motivation
be aligned	短语	一致、利益对齐	be in agreement

背诵提示

• consumer era / customers to be pleased → 26 题「consumer culture」的直接对应。
• freshmen + second chance + transition → 27 题「帮助新生适应」定位词。
• tied to metrics / more money → 28 题「获得更多财政支持」。
• aligned 熟词僻义：不是「排列」，而是「（利益）一致」。

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三、【2019 英语（一）Text 3】Frankenstein 与 AI 伦理

原文（节选）

This year marks exactly two centuries since the publication of Frankenstein by Mary Shelley. Even before the invention of the electric light bulb, the author produced a remarkable work of speculative fiction that would foreshadow many ethical questions to be raised by technologies yet to come.

Today the rapid growth of artificial intelligence raises fundamental questions: “What is intelligence, identity, or consciousness?”

What is being called artificial general intelligence continues to evade scientists. Yet humans remain fascinated by the idea of robots that would look, move, and respond like humans.

How people think is still far too complex to be understood, let alone reproduced, says David Eagleman. “We are just in a situation where there are no good theories explaining what consciousness actually is.”

But that doesn’t mean crucial ethical issues aren’t at hand. The coming use of autonomous vehicles, for example, poses thorny ethical questions. Human drivers sometimes must make split-second decisions. AI “vision” today is not nearly as sophisticated as that of humans. And to anticipate every imaginable driving situation is a difficult programming problem.

Whenever decisions are based on masses of data, “you quickly get into a lot of ethical questions.” Governments and mega-corporations are beginning to establish their own guidelines. Decisions made by AI systems should be explainable, transparent, and fair.

How can we make sure that the thinking of intelligent machines reflects humanity’s highest values? Only then will they be useful servants and not Frankenstein’s out-of-control monster.

核心词汇表

单词/短语	词性	释义	同义替换 / 考点
speculative fiction	n.	推测性/科幻小说	sci-fi
foreshadow	v.	预示	predict, herald
ethical questions	短语	伦理问题	moral issues
artificial general intelligence	n.	通用人工智能	AGI
evade	v.	回避、尚未实现	elude, escape
fascinated by	短语	着迷于	captivated by
let alone	短语	更不用说	not to mention
autonomous	adj.	自主的	self-driving
thorny	adj.	棘手的	tricky, difficult
split-second	adj.	瞬间的	instant
anticipate	v.	预料、预先处理	foresee
programming problem	短语	编程难题	coding challenge
masses of data	短语	大量数据	big data
mega-corporation	n.	巨型企业	giant company
guideline	n.	指导方针	standard, rule
explainable	adj.	可解释的	interpretable
transparent	adj.	透明的	open
out-of-control	adj.	失控的	runaway

背诵提示

• foreshadow ethical questions → 31 题「涉及 AI 今日关切」。
• let alone reproduce 是阅读高频结构：前面说「太复杂无法理解」，后面「更不用说复制」。
• thorny / split-second / autonomous 三个词常一起考「自动驾驶伦理」段。
• 末句 out-of-control monster 回扣标题 Frankenstein，适合写作用典。

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四、词汇自测（用上面三篇的词）

1. Tech’s inequality could be a ________ to deploying AI.（2024 英二）

2. Middle-income jobs are ________ by automation.（2024 英二）

3. Grade forgiveness helps students retake courses without ________ a big penalty.（2019 英一）

4. The practice was first limited to ________ to give them a second chance.（2019 英一）

5. AI “vision” is not sophisticated enough to ________ every imaginable driving situation.（2019 英一）

6. Shelley’s novel would ________ ethical questions raised by future technologies.（2019 英一）

参考答案

1. roadblock
2. undercut
3. incurring
4. freshmen
5. anticipate
6. foreshadow

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