android系统启动及wifi框架分析
android系统启动:http://blog.csdn.net/yicao821/article/details/6893752
最近在分析Android WIIF框架,顺便就把Android系统启动过程做了个流程分析,在这分享下我的学习经验。部分有修正网络文章。欢迎拍砖!
Android系统从Linux内核启动后分为4个基本步骤:
(1) init进程启动
(2) Native服务启动
(3) System Server,Android服务启动
(4) Home启动
后面的内容都是在上面几个大部分做的分析!
一、init进程(system\core\init\init.c)
init进程,它是一个由内核启动的用户级进程。内核自行启动(已经被载入内存,开始运行,并已初始化所有的设备驱动程序和数据结构等)之后,就通过启动一个用户级程序init的方式,完成引导进程。init始终是第一个进程。
Init.rc
Init.marvel.rc
Init进程一起来就根据init.rc和init.xxx.rc脚本文件建立了几个基本的服务:
servicemanamger
zygote
。。。
最后Init并不退出,而是担当起property service的功能。
1.1脚本文件
Init.c: parse_config_file(Init.rc)
@parse_config_file(Init.marvel.rc)
解析脚本文件:Init.rc和Init.xxxx.rc(硬件平台相关)
Init.rc是Android自己规定的初始化脚本(Android Init Language, System/Core/Init/readme.txt)
该脚本包含四个类型的声明:
Commands 命令
Actions 动作
Triggers 触发
Services 服务
Options 选项
Propertise 属性
1.2 服务启动机制
我们来看看Init是这样解析.rc文件开启服务的。
(1)打开.rc文件,解析文件内容@ system\core\init\init.c
将service信息放置到service_list中。@ system\core\init parser.c
(2)restart_service()@ system\core\init\init.c
service_start
execve(…).建立service进程。
二、zygote
(frameworks/base/core/java/com/android/internal/os/ZygoteInit.java)
zygote主要经过其下几个过程:
registerZygoteSocket();//登记Listen端口
startSystemServer();
进入Zygote服务框架。
经过这几个步骤,Zygote就建立好了,利用Socket通讯,接收ActivityManangerService的请求,Fork应用程序。
三、SystemServer
(frameworks/base/service/java/com/android/server/SystemServer.java)
pid = Zygote.forkSystemServer(
parsedArgs.uid, parsedArgs.gid,
parsedArgs.gids, debugFlags, null);
在SystemServer.java中看不到循环结构,只是可以看到建立了init2的实现函数,建立了一大堆服务,并AddService到service Manager。
main() @ com/android/server/SystemServer
{
init1();
}
四、init1
Init1()是在Native空间实现的(com_andoird_server_systemServer.cpp)。我们一看这个函数就知道了,init1->system_init()
frameworks/base/cmds/system_server/library/System_init.cpp
在system_init()我们看到了循环闭合管理框架。
{ // Start the AudioFlinger
// Start the media playback service
// Start the camera service
// Start the audio policy service
Call "SystemServer.java", "init2"
runtime->callStatic("com/android/server/SystemServer", "init2");
…..
ProcessState::self()->startThreadPool();
IPCThreadState::self()->joinThreadPool();
}
public static final void init2() {
Log.i(TAG, "Entered the Android system server!");
Thread thr = new ServerThread();
thr.setName("android.server.ServerThread");
thr.start();
}
五、init2
init2()@SystemServer.java中建立了Android中所有要用到的服务。这个init2()建立了一个线程,来New Service和AddService来建立服务
public void run() {
// Critical services...
power = new PowerManagerService();
ServiceManager.addService(Context.POWER_SERVICE, power);
battery = new BatteryService(context);
ServiceManager.addService("battery", battery);
ServiceManager.addService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE, wm);
(ActivityManagerService)ServiceManager.getService("activity"))
.setWindowManager(wm);
if (factoryTest != SystemServer.FACTORY_TEST_LOW_LEVEL) {
try {
connectivity = ConnectivityService.getInstance(context);
ServiceManager.addService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE, connectivity);
//后文Android WIFI框架分析(1) 有相关
Log.i(TAG, "Search Service");
ServiceManager.addService( Context.SEARCH_SERVICE, new SearchManagerService(context) );
}
}
}
六、Home Activity
在ServerThread@SystemServer.java后半段,我们可以看到系统在启动完所有的Android服务后,做了这样一些动作:
(1) 使用xxx.systemReady()通知各个服务,系统已经就绪。
(2) 特别对于ActivityManagerService.systemReady(回调)
Widget.wallpaper,imm(输入法)等ready通知。
Home就是在ActivityManagerService.systemReady()通知的过程中建立的。下面是ActivityManagerService.systemReady()的伪代码:
systemReady()@ActivityManagerService.java
resumeTopActivityLocked()
startHomeActivityLocked();//如果是第一个则启动HomeActivity
startActivityLocked(。。。)CATEGORY_HOME
android wifi框架分析:http://blog.csdn.net/menuconfig/article/details/7306931
趁做Android WIFI驱动移植,对Android WIFI框架做了深刻的分析,并做此文档共同学习。
对上层WIFI的应用,基本流程为:(1)WIFI初始化 (2)Wifi启动 (3)开始扫描AP (4)显示扫描的AP (5)配置AP (6)连接AP (7)获取IP地址 (8)上网
一、Android WIFI模块初始化
上文Android系统启动分析 讲到在SystemServer中实例化了ConnectivityService,接着的便是WIFI初始化:
frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
ConnectivityService 的构造函数会创建WifiService,
if (DBG) Log.v(TAG, "Starting Wifi Service.");
WifiStateTracker wst = new WifiStateTracker(context, mHandler);
WifiService wifiService = new WifiService(context, wst);
ServiceManager.addService(Context.WIFI_SERVICE, wifiService);
WifiStateTracker 会创建WifiMonitor接收来自底层的事件,WifiService 和WifiMonitor 是整个模块的核心。WifiService负责启动关闭wpa_supplicant、启动关闭WifiMonitor监视线程和把命令下发给wpa_supplicant,而WifiMonitor 则负责从wpa_supplicant 接收事件通知。
具体流程图如下:
二、WIFI模块启动
WirelessSettings 在初始化的时候配置了由WifiEnabler 来处理Wifi 按钮 WirelessSettings 在初始化的时候配置了由WifiEnabler 来处理Wifi 按钮
Packages\apps\settings\src\com\android\settings\WirelessSettings.java
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
addPreferencesFromResource(R.xml.wireless_settings);
initToggles();
mAirplaneModePreference = (CheckBoxPreference) findPreference(KEY_TOGGLE_AIRPLANE);
}
private void initToggles() {
…………
mWifiEnabler = new WifiEnabler(
this, (WifiManager) getSystemService(WIFI_SERVICE),
(CheckBoxPreference) wifiPreference);
…………
}
当用户按下Wifi 按钮后,Android 会调用WifiEnabler的onPreferenceChange,再由WifiEnabler调用WifiManager 的setWifiEnabled接口函数,通过AIDL,实际调用的是WifiService 的setWifiEnabled 函数,WifiService接着向自身发送一条MESSAGE_ENABLE_WIFI 消息,在处理该消息的代码中做真正的使能工作:
首先装载WIFI 内核模块(该模块的位置硬编码为"/system/lib/modules/libertas_sdio.ko" ),
然后启动wpa_supplicant ( 配置文件硬编码为"/data/misc/wifi/wpa_supplicant.conf"),再通过WifiStateTracker 来启动WifiMonitor 中的监视线程。
WifiEnabler.java
public boolean onPreferenceChange(Preference preference, Object value) {
// Turn on/off Wi-Fi
setWifiEnabled((Boolean) value);
}
private void setWifiEnabled(final boolean enable) {
if (!mWifiManager.setWifiEnabled(enable)) {
}
}
WifiManager.java
public boolean setWifiEnabled(boolean enabled) {
return mService.setWifiEnabled(enabled);
}
IWifiManager mService;
interface IWifiManager{
…………
boolean startScan(boolean forceActive);
boolean setWifiEnabled(boolean enable);
…………
}
IWifiManger.aidl编译后生成了IWifiManger.java,并生成IWifiManger.Stub(服务器端抽象类)和IWifiManger.Stub.Proxy(客户端代理实现类)。WifiService通过继承IWifiManger.Stub实现,而客户端通过getService()函数获取IWifiManger.Stub.Proxy(即Service的代理类),将其作为参数传递给WifiManger,供其与WifiService通信时使用。
WifiService.java
public boolean setWifiEnabled(boolean enable) {
…………
sendEnableMessage(enable, true, Binder.getCallingUid());
…………
}
private void sendEnableMessage(boolean enable, boolean persist, int uid) {
Message msg = Message.obtain(mWifiHandler,
(enable ? MESSAGE_ENABLE_WIFI : MESSAGE_DISABLE_WIFI),
(persist ? 1 : 0), uid);
msg.sendToTarget();
}
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
switch (msg.what) {
case MESSAGE_ENABLE_WIFI:
setWifiEnabledBlocking(true, msg.arg1 == 1, msg.arg2);
case MESSAGE_START_WIFI:
mWifiStateTracker.restart();
case MESSAGE_DISABLE_WIFI:
setWifiEnabledBlocking(false, msg.arg1 == 1, msg.arg2);
case MESSAGE_STOP_WIFI:
mWifiStateTracker.disconnectAndStop();
break;
}
}
}
private boolean setWifiEnabledBlocking(boolean enable, boolean persist, int uid) {
if (enable) {
if (!WifiNative.loadDriver()) {
setWifiEnabledState(WIFI_STATE_UNKNOWN, uid);
}
if (!WifiNative.startSupplicant()) {
WifiNative.unloadDriver();
setWifiEnabledState(WIFI_STATE_UNKNOWN, uid);
}
registerForBroadcasts();
mWifiStateTracker.startEventLoop();
} else {
………………
}
// Success!
setWifiEnabledState(eventualWifiState, uid);
}
private void setWifiEnabledState(int wifiState, int uid) {
// Broadcast
final Intent intent = new Intent(WifiManager.WIFI_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION);
}
JNI android_net_wifi_wifi.cpp
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
/*
* JNI registration.
*/
static JNINativeMethod gWifiMethods[] = {
/* name, signature, funcPtr */
{ "loadDriver", "()Z", (void *)android_net_wifi_loadDriver },
{ "startSupplicant", "()Z", (void *)android_net_wifi_startSupplicant },
{ "scanResultsCommand", "()Ljava/lang/String;", (void*) android_net_wifi_scanResultsCommand },
{ "reconnectCommand", "()Z", (void *)android_net_wifi_reconnectCommand },
{ "scanCommand", "(Z)Z", (void*) android_net_wifi_scanCommand },
}
1)static jboolean android_net_wifi_loadDriver(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz)
{
return (jboolean)(::wifi_load_driver() == 0);
}
2)static jboolean android_net_wifi_startSupplicant(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz)
{
return (jboolean)(::wifi_start_supplicant() == 0);
}
3)WifiStateTracker.java
mWifiStateTracker.startEventLoop();
public void startEventLoop() {
mWifiMonitor.startMonitoring();
}
//WifiMonitor.java
public void startMonitoring() {
new MonitorThread().start();
}
当使能成功后,会广播发送WIFI_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION 这个Intent 通知外界WIFI已经成功使能了。// Success!后广播的。
http://blog.csdn.net/yicao821/article/details/6895044
上文讲到WIFI的启动流程,当然接着便扫描热点(AP),然后显示扫描到的AP、配置AP(填写IP地址等信息)、连接AP、获取IP地址、最后就是想要的上网咯!
一、扫描热点(AP)
上文启动WIFI成功后:// Success!
setWifiEnabledState(eventualWifiState, uid);
private void setWifiEnabledState(int wifiState, int uid) {
// Broadcast
final Intent intent = new Intent(WifiManager.WIFI_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION);
}
当使能成功后,会广播发送WIFI_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION 这个Intent 通知外界WIFI已经成功使能了。WifiLayer 创建的时候就会向Android 注册接收WIFI_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION,因此它会收到该Intent,从而开始扫描。
WifiSetting.java:
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
mWifiLayer.onCreate();
}
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
WifiLayer.java:
public void onCreate() {
mWifiManager = (WifiManager) mContext.getSystemService(Context.WIFI_SERVICE);
mIntentFilter = new IntentFilter();
mIntentFilter.addAction(WifiManager.NETWORK_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION);
mIntentFilter.addAction(WifiManager.SCAN_RESULTS_AVAILABLE_ACTION);
mIntentFilter.addAction(WifiManager.WIFI_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION);
}
public void onResume() {
mContext.registerReceiver(mReceiver, mIntentFilter);
if (isWifiEnabled()) {
// Kick start the continual scan
queueContinuousScan();
}
}
以上就是WifiLayer.java注册接收的部分事件。接收部分事件处理有:
private BroadcastReceiver mReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
private BroadcastReceiver mReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
final String action = intent.getAction();
if (action.equals(WifiManager.NETWORK_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION)) {
handleNetworkStateChanged(
(NetworkInfo) intent.getParcelableExtra(WifiManager.EXTRA_NETWORK_INFO),
intent.getStringExtra(WifiManager.EXTRA_BSSID));
} else if (action.equals(WifiManager.SCAN_RESULTS_AVAILABLE_ACTION)) {
handleScanResultsAvailable();
} ……
else if (action.equals(WifiManager.WIFI_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION)) {
handleWifiStateChanged(intent.getIntExtra(WifiManager.EXTRA_WIFI_STATE,
WifiManager.WIFI_STATE_UNKNOWN));
}
}
};
从可接受的事件看,当WIFI_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION时,对应的处理函数有:
handleWifiStateChanged(intent.getIntExtra(WifiManager.EXTRA_WIFI_STATE,
WifiManager.WIFI_STATE_UNKNOWN));
private void handleWifiStateChanged(int wifiState) {
attemptScan();
…………
}
public void attemptScan() {
if (!mWifiManager.startScanActive()) {
postAttemptScan();
}
}
WifiManager.java:
public boolean startScanActive() {
return mService.startScan(true);
}
-------AIDL-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
WifiService.java:
public boolean startScan(boolean forceActive) {
…………
return WifiNative.scanCommand(forceActive);
}
---------JNI---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
android_net_wifi_wifi.cpp:
{ "scanCommand", "(Z)Z", (void*) android_net_wifi_scanCommand },
static jboolean android_net_wifi_scanCommand(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz, jboolean forceActive)
{
…………
result = doBooleanCommand("SCAN", "OK");
}
static jboolean doBooleanCommand(const char *cmd, const char *expect)
{
if (doCommand(cmd, reply, sizeof(reply)) != 0) {
return (jboolean)JNI_FALSE;
}
}
static int doCommand(const char *cmd, char *replybuf, int replybuflen)
{
if (::wifi_command(cmd, replybuf, &reply_len) != 0)
return -1;
…………
}
-------HAL------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
wifi.c:
int wifi_command(const char *command, char *reply, size_t *reply_len)
{
return wifi_send_command(ctrl_conn, command, reply, reply_len);
}
int wifi_send_command(struct wpa_ctrl *ctrl, const char *cmd, char *reply, size_t *reply_len)
{
ret = wpa_ctrl_request(ctrl, cmd, strlen(cmd), reply, reply_len, NULL);
…………
}
wpa_ctrl.c:
int wpa_ctrl_request()在wpa_ctrl.c中其实就是执行SCAN命令。
二、显示扫描的AP
当扫描成后,WifiMonitor 中的MonitorThread 会被执行来出来这个事件:
void handleEvent(int event, String remainder) {
switch (event) {
case SCAN_RESULTS:
mWifiStateTracker.notifyScanResultsAvailable();
->sendEmptyMessage(EVENT_SCAN_RESULTS_AVAILABLE);
break;
}
WifiStateTracker.java
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
switch (msg.what) {
case EVENT_SCAN_RESULTS_AVAILABLE:
if (ActivityManagerNative.isSystemReady()) {
mContext.sendBroadcast(new Intent(WifiManager.SCAN_RESULTS_AVAILABLE_ACTION));
}
}
WifiLayer注册接收SCAN_RESULTS_AVAILABLE_ACTION这个Intent:
private BroadcastReceiver mReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
else if (action.equals(WifiManager.SCAN_RESULTS_AVAILABLE_ACTION))
{
handleScanResultsAvailable();
}
handleScanResultsAvailable();
-> list = mWifiManager.getScanResults();
-> mCallback.onAccessPointSetChanged(ap, true);
handleScanResultsAvailable()中首先会去拿到SCAN的结果(最终是往wpa_supplicant中发送SCAN_RESULT命令并读取返回值来实现的),对每一个扫描返回的AP,WifiLayer会回调WifiSetting的onAccessPointSetChanged函数,从而最终把该AP加到GUI显示列表中。
三、配置AP
当用户在 WifiSettings 界面上选择了一个AP 后,会显示配置AP 参数的一个对话框:
public boolean onPreferenceTreeClick()
->showAccessPointDialog(state, AccessPointDialog.MODE_INFO);
->AccessPointDialog dialog =
new AccessPointDialog(this, mWifiLayer);
showDialog(dialog);
当用户在AccessPointDialog中选择好加密方式和输入密钥之后,再点击连接按钮,Android就会去连接这个AP。
四、连接AP
在AccessPointDialog.java中点击连接后会执行:
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
handleConnect();
-> mWifiLayer.connectToNetwork(mState);
-> // Need WifiConfiguration for the AP
WifiConfiguration config = findConfiguredNetwork(state);
config = addConfiguration(state, 0);
managerEnableNetwork(state, false)
->mWifiManager.enableNetwork()
->mService.enalbeNetwork()
->WifiNative.enableNetworkCommand()
接下去就JNI { "enableNetworkCommand", "(IZ)Z", (void*)android_net_wifi_enableNetworkCommand},最终就是向wpa_supplicant发送连接命令
五、获取IP地址
当wpa_supplicant成功连接上AP之后,它会向控制通道发送事件通知连接上AP了,从而wifi_wait_for_event函数会接收到该事件,由此WifiMonitor中的MonitorThread会被执行来出来这个事件:
void handleEvent(int event, String remainder) {
switch (event) {
case CONNECTED:
handleNetworkStateChange();
-> mWifiStateTracker.notifyStateChange(newState, BSSID, networkId);
->msg.sendToTarget();
break;
}
WifiStateTracker.java
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
switch (msg.what) {
case EVENT_NETWORK_STATE_CHANGED:
sendNetworkStateChangeBroadcast(mWifiInfo.getBSSID());
}
}
WifiStateTracker中注册的对Wifi相关数据库的观察者if(changed) 则启动:
private void configureInterface()
-> mDhcpTarget.sendEmptyMessage();
private class DhcpHandler extends Handler
handleMessage()
->switch (msg.what) {
case EVENT_DHCP_START:
Target.sendEmptyMessage(event);
DhcpHandler会发送EVENT_DHCP_START消息启动DHCP去获取IP地址,当DHCP拿到IP地址之后,会发送EVENT_INTERFACE_CONFIGURATION_SUCCEEDED的消息,然后WifiStateTacker中的handleMessage会处理这样的消息
case EVENT_INTERFACE_CONFIGURATION_SUCCEEDED:
sendNetworkStateChangeBroadcast(mWifiInfo.getBSSID());
-> Intent intent = new Intent(WifiManager.NETWORK_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION);
-> mContext.sendStickyBroadcast(intent);
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