ubuntu系统安装nvme-cli，可以在应用层发起命令。

sudo apt install nvme-cli

$ sudo nvme --help
nvme-1.9
usage: nvme <command> [<device>] [<args>]

The '<device>' may be either an NVMe character device (ex: /dev/nvme0) or an
nvme block device (ex: /dev/nvme0n1).

The following are all implemented sub-commands:
  list                  List all NVMe devices and namespaces on machine
  list-subsys           List nvme subsystems
  id-ctrl               Send NVMe Identify Controller
  id-ns                 Send NVMe Identify Namespace, display structure
  id-ns-granularity     Send NVMe Identify Namespace Granularity List, display structure
  list-ns               Send NVMe Identify List, display structure
  list-ctrl             Send NVMe Identify Controller List, display structure
  list-secondary        List Secondary Controllers associated with a Primary Controller
  ns-descs              Send NVMe Namespace Descriptor List, display structure
  id-nvmset             Send NVMe Identify NVM Set List, display structure
  id-uuid               Send NVMe Identify UUID List, display structure
  create-ns             Creates a namespace with the provided parameters
  delete-ns             Deletes a namespace from the controller
  attach-ns             Attaches a namespace to requested controller(s)
  detach-ns             Detaches a namespace from requested controller(s)
  get-ns-id             Retrieve the namespace ID of opened block device
  get-log               Generic NVMe get log, returns log in raw format
  telemetry-log         Retrieve FW Telemetry log write to file
  fw-log                Retrieve FW Log, show it
  changed-ns-list-log   Retrieve Changed Namespace List, show it
  smart-log             Retrieve SMART Log, show it
  ana-log               Retrieve ANA Log, show it
  error-log             Retrieve Error Log, show it
  effects-log           Retrieve Command Effects Log, show it
  endurance-log         Retrieve Endurance Group Log, show it
  get-feature           Get feature and show the resulting value
  device-self-test      Perform the necessary tests to observe the performance
  self-test-log         Retrieve the SELF-TEST Log, show it
  set-feature           Set a feature and show the resulting value
  set-property          Set a property and show the resulting value
  get-property          Get a property and show the resulting value
  format                Format namespace with new block format
  fw-commit             Verify and commit firmware to a specific slot (fw-activate in old version < 1.2)
  fw-download           Download new firmware
  admin-passthru        Submit an arbitrary admin command, return results
  io-passthru           Submit an arbitrary IO command, return results
  security-send         Submit a Security Send command, return results
  security-recv         Submit a Security Receive command, return results
  get-lba-status        Submit a Get LBA Status command, return results
  resv-acquire          Submit a Reservation Acquire, return results

内核当中描述描述coommand的结构体。64字节。

struct nvme_command {
	union {
		struct nvme_common_command common;
		struct nvme_rw_command rw;
		struct nvme_identify identify;
		struct nvme_features features;
		struct nvme_create_cq create_cq;
		struct nvme_create_sq create_sq;
		struct nvme_delete_queue delete_queue;
		struct nvme_download_firmware dlfw;
		struct nvme_format_cmd format;
		struct nvme_dsm_cmd dsm;
		struct nvme_write_zeroes_cmd write_zeroes;
		struct nvme_abort_cmd abort;
		struct nvme_get_log_page_command get_log_page;
		struct nvmf_common_command fabrics;
		struct nvmf_connect_command connect;
		struct nvmf_property_set_command prop_set;
		struct nvmf_property_get_command prop_get;
		struct nvme_dbbuf dbbuf;
		struct nvme_directive_cmd directive;
	};
};

参考：
1:https://www.jianshu.com/p/daa8c2beb480