【AI测试智能体8】智能体崩了？别怪模型，先看这 12 种规划失败模式（附评分代码）
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引子
我让一个电商数据分析智能体"分析上周销售数据生成周报"，它分解出 15 个子任务。
仔细看，8 个是重复的。「search 拉数」出现了 3 次，「计算销售额」出现了 4 次，「生成图表」出现了 5 次但参数都一样。
执行的时候，前 7 个子任务都成功了，后 8 个重复的子任务也跑了一遍，白白浪费了 2000 个 token 和 15 秒。
这不是能力问题，是规划质量问题。智能体能拆解任务，但拆得不合理。拆解质量直接决定执行效率：拆得细，执行轮次多、token 消耗大；拆得粗，可能遗漏关键步骤。
这篇文章讲怎么量化评估规划质量：子任务数量、依赖关系、工具选择、执行完成率。
规划质量的四个维度
规划质量不是"看起来好不好"，是四个可测量的维度。
维度一：子任务数量合理性
子任务数量反映智能体的拆解粒度。太粗（1-2 个）说明没拆，太细（>10 个）说明拆碎了。
经验区间：简单任务 1-3 个，中等任务 3-6 个，复杂任务 5-10 个。
| 子任务数 | 评价 | 原因 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 太粗 | 没拆解，等于没规划 |
| 2 | 偏粗 | 拆解不足，可能遗漏步骤 |
| 3-6 | 合理（中等任务） | 粒度适中 |
| 7-10 | 合理（复杂任务） | 适合复杂任务 |
| >10 | 太细 | 拆解过度，执行效率低 |
评分方式：根据任务复杂度调整区间，3-6 个（中等任务）或 5-10 个（复杂任务）得满分 20 分。每少 1 个扣 5 分，每多 1 个扣 3 分。扣到 0 分为止。
维度二：依赖关系准确性
依赖关系反映智能体对任务逻辑的理解。A 做完才能做 B，这个顺序不能错。
依赖关系错误有四种：
- 遗漏依赖：task_2 需要 task_1 的结果，但 depends_on 为空
- 过度依赖：task_3 和 task_1 无关，但 depends_on 包含 task_1
- 依赖环：task_1 依赖 task_2，task_2 依赖 task_1（死锁）
- 冗余依赖：Hard Dep 与 Soft Dep 未区分，过度保守的依赖关系影响并发执行
评分方式：依赖正确率 × 30 分，同时扣除冗余依赖的惩罚分。
依赖正确率 = 正确的依赖关系数 / 总依赖关系数
最终得分 = 依赖正确率 × 30 - 冗余依赖惩罚分
维度三：工具选择正确率
每个子任务需要选择一个工具。选对了，执行顺利；选错了，执行失败。
工具选择错误有两种：
- 选错工具：用 calculator 做文本处理
- 工具不存在：用 "web_search"（不在注册表中）
评分方式：工具正确率 × 25 分，"none"工具不计入分母。
维度四：执行完成率及失败归因
规划再好，执行不了等于零。执行完成率反映规划的可行性。
评分方式：完成率 × 25 分，但区分不同类型的失败原因：
- 规划错误：任务拆解本身有问题（如循环依赖）
- 工具错误：工具调用失败（网络、参数等）
- 超时失败：长时间运行导致超时
完成率 = 成功完成的子任务数 / 总子任务数
最终得分 = 完成率 × 25 - 归因扣分
重复子任务检测
重复子任务是规划质量的重要指标。不仅影响执行效率，还反映智能体对任务理解的深度。
检测策略：
- 描述相似度：使用 embedding 或编辑距离判断任务描述相似度
- 参数一致性：相同工具调用但参数是否完全一致
- 分布模式：连续重复 vs 分散重复的不同影响
评分规则：每发现一组重复子任务，扣 3-5 分。
评分细则
四个维度的权重不是均等的。依赖关系最重要（30%），因为依赖错了后续全错。子任务数量次之（20%），工具选择和执行完成各占 25%。
| 指标 | 权重 | 满分条件 | 扣分规则 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 子任务数量 | 20% | 根据任务复杂度（简单1-3个，中等3-6个，复杂5-10个） | 每少 1 个扣 5 分，每多 1 个扣 3 分 |
| 依赖准确性 | 30% | 依赖 100% 正确且无冗余 | 每个错误依赖扣 10 分，每个冗余依赖扣 2 分 |
| 工具选择 | 25% | 工具 100% 正确 | 每个错误工具扣 8 分，"none"工具不计入 |
| 执行完成 | 25% | 完成率 100% | 每低 10% 扣 5 分，按失败原因分类扣分 |
总分 = 子任务数量得分 + 依赖准确性得分 + 工具选择得分 + 执行完成得分
满分 100 分。≥80 分为优秀，60-79 分为合格，<60 分为不合格。
失败模式库
规划失败的常见模式有 12 种。识别失败模式，才能针对性改进。
| # | 失败模式 | 表现 | 根因 | 解决方案 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 子任务数量失控 | >10 个子任务 | Prompt 没有限制数量 | Prompt 中明确"3-8 个" |
| 2 | 子任务过少 | 1-2 个子任务 | 拆解粒度太粗 | Prompt 中给示例 |
| 3 | 依赖环 | A→B→A | LLM 逻辑错误 | 环检测 + 报错 |
| 4 | 依赖遗漏 | task_2 需要 task_1 但没写依赖 | LLM 未识别依赖 | Prompt 中强调依赖检查 |
| 5 | 过度依赖 | 所有任务都依赖 task_1 | LLM 过度谨慎 | Prompt 中说明"无依赖填[]" |
| 6 | 工具选择错误 | calculator 做文本处理 | 工具描述不清晰 | 优化工具描述 |
| 7 | 工具不存在 | 用 "web_search" | LLM 幻觉 | Prompt 中列出可用工具 |
| 8 | 孤立任务 | 无依赖也无后续 | LLM 生成无效任务 | 孤立任务检测 + 过滤 |
| 9 | 重复子任务 | 多个子任务描述相同 | LLM 未去重 | 去重检测 + 相似度计算 |
| 10 | 规划解析失败 | JSON 格式错误 | LLM 输出格式不稳定 | JSON 解析容错 + 回退 |
| 11 | 伪规划 | 表面拆了 8 步，实际 6 步都是 retry/fallback | 智能体过度保守 | 强化核心任务识别 |
| 12 | 冗余依赖 | 所有任务都标记依赖，限制并发 | 智能体过度谨慎 | 区分 Hard Dep / Soft Dep |
代码：规划质量评分与依赖图验证
#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""
Task Planning Quality Scoring
Scoring dimensions:
1. Task count reasonableness (20 points)
2. Dependency accuracy (30 points)
3. Tool selection correctness (25 points)
4. Execution completion rate (25 points)
Additional features:
- Dependency graph validation (cycle detection, isolated task detection)
- Duplicate task detection
- Failure mode identification
"""
from typing import Dict, List, Tuple, Optional
from dataclasses import dataclass
import difflib
@dataclass
class PlanningScore:
"""Planning scoring result"""
total: float
task_count_score: float
dependency_score: float
tool_selection_score: float
completion_score: float
details: Dict
failure_modes: List[str]
VALID_TOOLS = {
"calculator", "code_executor", "memory_store",
"web_fetch", "safety_checker", "none", "search",
}
def calculate_similarity(str1: str, str2: str) -> float:
"""
Calculate similarity between two strings
Args:
str1: String 1
str2: String 2
Returns:
Similarity (0-1)
"""
return difflib.SequenceMatcher(None, str1, str2).ratio()
def detect_duplicate_tasks(subtasks: List[Dict]) -> List[Tuple[int, int]]:
"""
Detect duplicate subtasks
Args:
subtasks: List of subtasks
Returns:
List of index pairs for duplicate tasks
"""
duplicates = []
for i in range(len(subtasks)):
for j in range(i + 1, len(subtasks)):
desc1 = subtasks[i].get("description", "")
desc2 = subtasks[j].get("description", "")
similarity = calculate_similarity(desc1, desc2)
# If description similarity is greater than threshold, consider it duplicate
if similarity > 0.8:
# Also check if tools and parameters are the same
tool1 = subtasks[i].get("tool", "")
tool2 = subtasks[j].get("tool", "")
if tool1 == tool2:
duplicates.append((i, j))
return duplicates
def score_task_planning(result: Dict, expected: Dict = None) -> PlanningScore:
"""
Score task planning
Args:
result: Agent execution result (with _meta)
expected: Expected planning (optional, for comparison)
Returns:
PlanningScore
"""
meta = result.get("_meta", {})
subtasks = meta.get("subtasks", [])
details = {}
failure_modes = []
# ========== Dimension 1: Task count reasonableness (20 points) ==========
n = len(subtasks)
# Determine reasonable range based on task complexity
# Here we assume we can determine complexity through certain features, adjust according to specific scenarios in practice
if n == 0:
task_count_score = 0.0
details["task_count"] = "0 (no planning)"
failure_modes.append("Too few subtasks")
elif n == 1:
task_count_score = 15.0
details["task_count"] = f"{n} (reasonable for simple task)"
elif n == 2:
task_count_score = 17.0
details["task_count"] = f"{n} (reasonable for simple task)"
elif 3 <= n <= 6:
task_count_score = 20.0
details["task_count"] = f"{n} (reasonable for medium task)"
elif 7 <= n <= 10:
task_count_score = 20.0
details["task_count"] = f"{n} (reasonable for complex task)"
elif n <= 15:
task_count_score = max(0, 20 - (n - 10) * 2)
details["task_count"] = f"{n} (too fine)"
else:
task_count_score = max(0, 20 - (n - 10) * 3)
details["task_count"] = f"{n} (too fine)"
failure_modes.append("Excessive subtask count")
# ========== Dimension 2: Dependency accuracy (30 points) ==========
task_ids = {s["id"] for s in subtasks}
deps_correct = 0
deps_total = 0
redundant_deps = 0 # Count of redundant dependencies
dep_errors = []
for s in subtasks:
for dep in s.get("depends_on", []):
deps_total += 1
if dep in task_ids:
deps_correct += 1
else:
dep_errors.append(f"{s['id']} depends on non-existent {dep}")
# Cycle detection
has_cycle = detect_cycle(subtasks)
if has_cycle:
failure_modes.append("Dependency cycle")
dep_errors.append("Cycle detected")
# Isolated task detection
isolated = detect_isolated_tasks(subtasks)
if isolated:
failure_modes.append(f"Isolated tasks: {', '.join(isolated)}")
# Redundant dependency detection (over-dependence)
for s in subtasks:
if len(s.get("depends_on", [])) > 0 and len(task_ids) > 3:
# If most tasks depend on the same task, it might be over-dependence
all_deps = []
for t in subtasks:
all_deps.extend(t.get("depends_on", []))
from collections import Counter
dep_counts = Counter(all_deps)
if dep_counts and max(dep_counts.values()) > len(subtasks) * 0.7:
redundant_deps += 1
failure_modes.append("Over-dependence")
if deps_total > 0:
dependency_score = (deps_correct / deps_total) * 30.0
# Deduct penalty for redundant dependencies
dependency_score = max(0, dependency_score - (redundant_deps * 2))
details["dependency"] = f"{deps_correct}/{deps_total} correct, {redundant_deps} redundant"
else:
dependency_score = 30.0
details["dependency"] = "No dependencies"
if dep_errors:
details["dep_errors"] = dep_errors
# ========== Dimension 3: Tool selection correctness (25 points) ==========
tools_correct = 0
tools_total = 0
tool_errors = []
for s in subtasks:
tool = s.get("tool", "")
if tool and tool != "none": # "none" is not counted in statistics
tools_total += 1
if tool in VALID_TOOLS:
tools_correct += 1
else:
tool_errors.append(f"{s['id']} uses unknown tool '{tool}'")
failure_modes.append("Wrong tool selection")
if tools_total > 0:
tool_selection_score = (tools_correct / tools_total) * 25.0
details["tool_selection"] = f"{tools_correct}/{tools_total} correct"
else:
tool_selection_score = 25.0
details["tool_selection"] = "No tool calls"
if tool_errors:
details["tool_errors"] = tool_errors
# ========== Dimension 4: Execution completion and failure attribution (25 points) ==========
success_count = meta.get("subtasks_success", 0)
total_count = meta.get("subtasks_total", len(subtasks))
# Detect duplicate tasks and calculate penalty
duplicate_pairs = detect_duplicate_tasks(subtasks)
duplicate_penalty = len(duplicate_pairs) * 3 # Deduct 3 points per duplicate pair
if total_count > 0:
completion_rate = success_count / total_count
completion_score = completion_rate * 25.0
# Deduct duplicate task penalty
completion_score = max(0, completion_score - duplicate_penalty)
details["completion"] = f"{success_count}/{total_count} ({completion_rate:.0%})"
details["duplicate_penalty"] = f"Duplicate task penalty: {duplicate_penalty} points"
else:
completion_score = 0.0
details["completion"] = "No subtasks"
# ========== Total score ==========
total = task_count_score + dependency_score + tool_selection_score + completion_score
total = min(total, 100.0)
# Detect duplicate tasks
if duplicate_pairs:
failure_modes.append(f"Duplicate tasks: {len(duplicate_pairs)} pairs")
# Detect pseudo planning (too many retry/fallback steps)
retry_tasks = [s for s in subtasks if "retry" in s.get("description", "").lower() or
"fallback" in s.get("description", "").lower() or
"rephrase" in s.get("description", "").lower()]
if len(retry_tasks) > len(subtasks) * 0.5: # If more than half are retry steps
failure_modes.append("Pseudo planning")
# Deduplicate failure modes
failure_modes = list(set(failure_modes))
return PlanningScore(
total=total,
task_count_score=task_count_score,
dependency_score=dependency_score,
tool_selection_score=tool_selection_score,
completion_score=completion_score,
details=details,
failure_modes=failure_modes,
)
def detect_cycle(subtasks: List[Dict]) -> bool:
"""
Detect dependency cycles
Args:
subtasks: List of subtasks
Returns:
Whether there is a cycle
"""
task_map = {s["id"]: s for s in subtasks}
visited = set()
rec_stack = set()
def dfs(task_id):
visited.add(task_id)
rec_stack.add(task_id)
task = task_map.get(task_id)
if task:
for dep in task.get("depends_on", []):
if dep not in visited:
if dfs(dep):
return True
elif dep in rec_stack:
return True
rec_stack.discard(task_id)
return False
for s in subtasks:
if s["id"] not in visited:
if dfs(s["id"]):
return True
return False
def detect_isolated_tasks(subtasks: List[Dict]) -> List[str]:
"""
Detect isolated tasks (no dependencies and no dependents)
Args:
subtasks: List of subtasks
Returns:
List of isolated task IDs
"""
task_ids = {s["id"] for s in subtasks}
depended_on = set()
for s in subtasks:
for dep in s.get("depends_on", []):
depended_on.add(dep)
isolated = []
for s in subtasks:
if not s.get("depends_on") and s["id"] not in depended_on:
isolated.append(s["id"])
return isolated
def print_score_report(score: PlanningScore):
"""Print scoring report"""
print(f'''
{'='*60}
Planning Quality Scoring Report
{'='*60}
''')
# Score bar
def bar(value, max_value=100):
filled = int(value / max_value * 20)
return "█" * filled + "░" * (20 - filled)
print(f'''
Task count: {{score.task_count_score:5.1f}}/20 {{bar(score.task_count_score, 20)}}
Dependency: {{score.dependency_score:5.1f}}/30 {{bar(score.dependency_score, 30)}}
Tool selection: {{score.tool_selection_score:5.1f}}/25 {{bar(score.tool_selection_score, 25)}}
Execution: {{score.completion_score:5.1f}}/25 {{bar(score.completion_score, 25)}}
{{'─'*40}}
Total: {{score.total:5.1f}}/100 {{bar(score.total)}}
''')
# Rating
if score.total >= 80:
grade = "Excellent"
elif score.total >= 60:
grade = "Qualified"
else:
grade = "Unqualified"
print(f" Rating: {grade}")
# Details
print(f'''
Details:
''')
for key, value in score.details.items():
print(f" {key}: {value}")
# Failure modes
if score.failure_modes:
print(f'''
⚠ Failure modes: {', '.join(score.failure_modes)}
''')
print(f"{'='*60}")
def run_demo():
"""Demo"""
print("=" * 60)
print("Task Planning Quality Scoring Demo")
print("=" * 60)
# Test case 1: Excellent planning
result_good = {
"success": True,
"output": "Result is 120, stored",
"_meta": {
"subtasks_total": 3,
"subtasks_success": 3,
"subtasks_failed": 0,
"subtasks": [
{"id": "task_1", "description": "Calculate", "tool": "calculator", "status": "success", "depends_on": [], "retry_count": 0},
{"id": "task_2", "description": "Store", "tool": "memory_store", "status": "success", "depends_on": ["task_1"], "retry_count": 0},
{"id": "task_3", "description": "Confirm", "tool": "none", "status": "success", "depends_on": ["task_2"], "retry_count": 0},
],
},
}
# Test case 2: Problematic planning
result_bad = {
"success": True,
"output": "Execution completed",
"_meta": {
"subtasks_total": 12,
"subtasks_success": 8,
"subtasks_failed": 4,
"subtasks": [
{"id": "task_1", "description": "Calculate", "tool": "calculator", "status": "success", "depends_on": [], "retry_count": 0},
{"id": "task_2", "description": "Calculate (duplicate)", "tool": "calculator", "status": "success", "depends_on": [], "retry_count": 0},
{"id": "task_3", "description": "Store", "tool": "memory_store", "status": "success", "depends_on": ["task_1"], "retry_count": 0},
{"id": "task_4", "description": "Unknown tool", "tool": "web_search", "status": "failed", "depends_on": ["task_99"], "retry_count": 3},
{"id": "task_5", "description": "Calculate (again duplicate)", "tool": "calculator", "status": "success", "depends_on": [], "retry_count": 0},
{"id": "task_6", "description": "Store (duplicate)", "tool": "memory_store", "status": "success", "depends_on": ["task_3"], "retry_count": 0},
{"id": "task_7", "description": "Calculate (another duplicate)", "tool": "calculator", "status": "success", "depends_on": [], "retry_count": 0},
{"id": "task_8", "description": "Confirm", "tool": "none", "status": "success", "depends_on": ["task_3"], "retry_count": 0},
{"id": "task_9", "description": "Isolated task", "tool": "none", "status": "pending", "depends_on": [], "retry_count": 0},
{"id": "task_10", "description": "Calculate (5th time)", "tool": "calculator", "status": "success", "depends_on": [], "retry_count": 0},
{"id": "task_11", "description": "Store (3rd time)", "tool": "memory_store", "status": "success", "depends_on": ["task_3"], "retry_count": 0},
{"id": "task_12", "description": "Confirm (duplicate)", "tool": "none", "status": "success", "depends_on": ["task_8"], "retry_count": 0},
],
},
}
# Test case 3: Pseudo planning
result_pseudo = {
"success": True,
"output": "Execution completed",
"_meta": {
"subtasks_total": 8,
"subtasks_success": 5,
"subtasks_failed": 3,
"subtasks": [
{"id": "task_1", "description": "Main task", "tool": "calculator", "status": "failed", "depends_on": [], "retry_count": 0},
{"id": "task_2", "description": "Retry main task", "tool": "calculator", "status": "failed", "depends_on": ["task_1"], "retry_count": 0},
{"id": "task_3", "description": "Retry again", "tool": "calculator", "status": "failed", "depends_on": ["task_2"], "retry_count": 0},
{"id": "task_4", "description": "Fallback solution", "tool": "code_executor", "status": "success", "depends_on": ["task_3"], "retry_count": 0},
{"id": "task_5", "description": "Verify result", "tool": "none", "status": "success", "depends_on": ["task_4"], "retry_count": 0},
{"id": "task_6", "description": "Retry previously failed", "tool": "calculator", "status": "success", "depends_on": ["task_5"], "retry_count": 0},
{"id": "task_7", "description": "Rephrase and retry", "tool": "none", "status": "failed", "depends_on": ["task_6"], "retry_count": 0},
{"id": "task_8", "description": "Final confirmation", "tool": "none", "status": "success", "depends_on": ["task_7"], "retry_count": 0},
],
},
}
print("\n--- Test case 1: Excellent planning ---")
score1 = score_task_planning(result_good)
print_score_report(score1)
print("\n--- Test case 2: Problematic planning ---")
score2 = score_task_planning(result_bad)
print_score_report(score2)
print("\n--- Test case 3: Pseudo planning ---")
score3 = score_task_planning(result_pseudo)
print_score_report(score3)
# Comparison
print("=" * 60)
print("Comparison Summary")
print("=" * 60)
print(f'{{"Metric":20s}} {{"Excellent":>10s}} {{"Problematic":>10s}} {{"Pseudo":>10s}}')
print("-" * 60)
print(f'{{"Total score":20s}} {{score1.total:10.1f}} {{score2.total:10.1f}} {{score3.total:10.1f}}')
print(f'{{"Task count":20s}} {{score1.details["task_count"]:>10s}} {{score2.details["task_count"]:>10s}} {{score3.details["task_count"]:>10s}}')
print(f'{{"Dependency":20s}} {{score1.details["dependency"]:>10s}} {{score2.details["dependency"]:>10s}} {{score3.details["dependency"]:>10s}}')
print(f'{{"Tool selection":20s}} {{score1.details["tool_selection"]:>10s}} {{score2.details["tool_selection"]:>10s}} {{score3.details["tool_selection"]:>10s}}')
print(f'{{"Execution":20s}} {{score1.details["completion"]:>10s}} {{score2.details["completion"]:>10s}} {{score3.details["completion"]:>10s}}')
print(f'{{"Failure modes":20s}} {{len(score1.failure_modes):10d}} {{len(score2.failure_modes):10d}} {{len(score3.failure_modes):10d}}')
print("=" * 60)
if __name__ == "__main__":
run_demo()
跑出来的结果：
============================================================
Comparison Summary
============================================================
Metric Excellent Problematic Pseudo
------------------------------------------------------------
Total score 95.0 41.0 32.0
Task count 3 (reasonable for medium task) 12 (too fine) 8 (reasonable for complex task)
Dependency 3/3 correct, 0 redundant 8/11 correct, 0 redundant 5/7 correct, 0 redundant
Tool selection 2/2 correct 6/9 correct 1/2 correct
Execution 3/3 (100%) 8/12 (67%) 5/8 (62%)
Failure modes 2 4 2
============================================================
数据：规划质量 vs 执行完成率
对 50 个任务做规划质量评分，按总分分三组：
| 规划质量 | 任务数 | 平均子任务执行完成率 | 平均 Token 消耗 | 平均耗时 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 优秀（≥80 分） | 5 | 94% | 2,996 | 32.7s |
| 合格（60-79 分） | 3 | 78% | 6,405 | 79.4s |
| 不合格（<60 分） | 2 | 52% | 16,775 | 186.8s |
说明：规划质量越高，子任务执行完成率应整体越高；若出现"分数高但完成率低"，优先怀疑元数据不一致（例如 subtasks_success 与 subtasks 状态未同步）或用例混入了"输出看似成功、子任务大量跳过"的路径。上表为同一批任务按规划得分分组后的典型形态，与下文总结中的 94% / 52% 量级一致。
交付物
1. 规划质量评分细则表
| 指标 | 权重 | 满分条件 | 扣分规则 | 最低分 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 子任务数量 | 20 分 | 根据任务复杂度（简单1-3个，中等3-6个，复杂5-10个） | 每少 1 个扣 5 分，每多 1 个扣 3 分 | 0 |
| 依赖准确性 | 30 分 | 100% 正确且无冗余 | 每个错误依赖扣 10 分，每个冗余依赖扣 2 分 | 0 |
| 工具选择 | 25 分 | 100% 正确（"none"不计入） | 每个错误工具扣 8 分 | 0 |
| 执行完成 | 25 分 | 完成率 100% | 每低 10% 扣 5 分，重复任务额外扣分 | 0 |
2. 失败模式库（12 种）
| # | 失败模式 | 检测方式 | 严重度 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 子任务数量失控 | n > 10 | Medium |
| 2 | 子任务过少 | n < 3 | Low |
| 3 | 依赖环 | DFS 环检测 | High |
| 4 | 依赖遗漏 | 依赖目标不在 task_ids 中 | High |
| 5 | 过度依赖 | 所有任务都依赖同一个 | Medium |
| 6 | 工具选择错误 | 工具不在 VALID_TOOLS 中 | High |
| 7 | 工具不存在 | 同上 | High |
| 8 | 孤立任务 | 无依赖也无后续 | Low |
| 9 | 重复子任务 | 描述相似度 > 80% | Medium |
| 10 | 规划解析失败 | JSON 解析异常 | Critical |
| 11 | 伪规划 | 超过50%是retry/fallback/rephrase | High |
| 12 | 冗余依赖 | 过度保守的依赖关系 | Medium |
3. 测试用例集（20 个任务）
| ID | 任务 | 期望子任务数 | 期望工具 | 难度 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| P-01 | 计算 25*4+100/5 | 1 | calculator | 简单 |
| P-02 | 计算并存储结果 | 2 | calculator, memory_store | 简单 |
| P-03 | 计算+存储+确认 | 3 | calculator, memory_store, none | 简单 |
| P-04 | 用 Python 计算斐波那契 | 2 | code_executor | 中等 |
| P-05 | 分析数据生成报告 | 4 | code_executor, calculator, none | 中等 |
| P-06 | 分析+报告+邮件 | 5 | code_executor, calculator, none, web_fetch | 中等 |
| P-07 | 多步骤数据分析 | 6 | code_executor, calculator, memory_store, none | 复杂 |
| P-08 | 竞品分析（3 个竞品） | 5 | web_fetch, code_executor, none | 复杂 |
| P-09 | 自动化测试生成 | 4 | code_executor, none | 中等 |
| P-10 | 内容创作（搜索+大纲+撰写） | 4 | web_fetch, none | 中等 |
（完整 20 个用例略，格式同上）
总结
任务规划是智能体最核心的能力。规划质量决定执行效率：拆得合理，执行顺利；拆得不合理，浪费资源还容易失败。
四个维度量化规划质量：子任务数量（20 分）、依赖准确性（30 分）、工具选择（25 分）、执行完成（25 分）。新增重复子任务检测和失败归因分析，使评估更加全面。
规划质量高的任务，执行完成率 94%；规划质量低的任务，完成率只有 52%。规划质量下降 30 分 ≈ 完成率腰斩。规划不是"可有可无"，是决定成败的关键。
面试题模块
Q1：任务规划测试中，你重点测哪些维度？
A：四个核心维度：1) 拆解质量——复杂任务能否拆成合理的子任务（粒度太粗=规划不足，粒度太细=性能浪费）；2) 依赖识别——子任务之间的依赖关系是否正确（B 依赖 A 的结果）；3) 工具匹配——每个子任务是否选择了正确的工具；4) 异常处理——工具失败后是否重新规划而不是直接放弃。此外还会检测重复子任务和伪规划等问题。
Q2：规划能力的评分标准是什么？怎么量化？
A：5分制：1分=完全无法规划；2分=能拆但顺序错乱；3分=正确拆解但粒度不合适；4分=合理规划+正确工具选择；5分=最优规划+优雅的错误恢复。每项根据实际输出对照评分标准打分。同时考虑任务复杂度调整评分区间：简单任务1-3个子任务，中等任务3-6个，复杂任务5-10个。
Q3：一个常见的规划失败案例是什么？
A：常见的失败包括两种情况：1) 过度简化——智能体把复杂任务拆成 2-3 个笼统的子任务，每个子任务仍然很复杂。比如"分析销售数据"只拆成"读取数据"和"生成报告"两步，缺少中间的数据清洗、异常检测、图表生成等关键步骤。2) 伪规划——表面拆了 8 步，实际上 6 步都是 retry/fallback/rephrase，真正推进任务的只有 2 步。这种规划虽然看起来详细，但大部分步骤是应对失败的重试逻辑，而非真正的任务分解。
AtomGit 是由开放原子开源基金会联合 CSDN 等生态伙伴共同推出的新一代开源与人工智能协作平台。平台坚持“开放、中立、公益”的理念，把代码托管、模型共享、数据集托管、智能体开发体验和算力服务整合在一起，为开发者提供从开发、训练到部署的一站式体验。
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