一、硬盘分区管理

二、文件系统挂载和卸载

三、RAID存储

硬盘分区管理

大容量的硬盘，分区使用：C盘系统盘，D盘办公，E盘娱乐。

类似于：买了一个房子100平方，隔断：主卧、次卧1、次卧2、厨房、卫生间。

硬盘设备

接口类型	设备命名示例	说明
SATA/SAS/USB/SCSI	/dev/sda、/dev/sdb …	物理机常用的磁盘设备命名
virtio-blk（虚拟机）	/dev/vda、/dev/vdb …	KVM 虚拟机常用磁盘命名
NVMe SSD	/dev/nvme0n1、/dev/nvme1n1…	高性能 NVMe 固态硬盘命名
SD/MMC/eMMC	/dev/mmcblk0、/dev/mmcblk1 …	嵌入式设备常用存储命名

虚拟机添加2个硬盘：

1. sata 接口20G
2. NVMe接口40G（关机添加）

# 查看块（block）设备清单
[root@centos7 ~ 10:56:27]# lsblk
NAME            MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda               8:0    0  200G  0 disk 
├─sda1            8:1    0    1G  0 part /boot
└─sda2            8:2    0  199G  0 part 
  ├─centos-root 253:0    0   50G  0 lvm  /
  ├─centos-swap 253:1    0    2G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
  └─centos-home 253:2    0  147G  0 lvm  /home
sdb               8:16   0   20G  0 disk 
sr0              11:0    1  4.4G  0 rom  
nvme0n1         259:0    0   40G  0 disk 

设备类型：

• 块设备（b），大部分情况下都是存储设备，例如光盘、硬盘、U盘。
• 字符设备（c），一般是输入和输出设备，例如终端设备tty1、vty、pts/0等

硬盘分区方案

直接管理主板上外接设备的系统，称之为固件。例如调整设备启动顺序，光盘作为第一启动项，用来安装系统。

分区方案

MBR

自1982年起，主启动记录（MBR）分区方案成为运行 BIOS 固件 系统的磁盘分区标准。

• 主分区数量限制：最多支持 4 个主分区。
• 扩展分区与逻辑分区：Linux 系统中可通过“主分区+扩展分区”的方式突破主分区限制，扩展分区仅作为逻辑分区的“容器”（不可格式化），逻辑分区可格式化使用，整体最多可创建 15个分区。
• 容量限制：MBR 用4个字节存储分区总扇区数，按单扇区512字节计算，单个分区最大容量不超过 2 TiB。

GPT

全局唯一标识分区表（GPT）是运行 统一可扩展固件接口（UEFI） 系统的磁盘分区标准。

• 容量支持：使用8个字节存储分区总扇区数，单分区/磁盘最大支持 18 ZiB（18亿 TiB），完全满足大磁盘需求。
• 分区数量：默认支持 128个分区（无需扩展分区/逻辑分区），实际使用中建议不超过120个（避免格式化异常）。
• 数据冗余：GPT 分区表包含主表和备份表，且自带 CRC32 校验码，可自动检测并恢复损坏的分区表。

fdisk 工具

fdisk 工具用于管理 MBR 分区方案的硬盘，新版本的fdisk也可以用来管理GPT。

查看硬盘信息

# 查看所有块设备，进一步过滤出sd相关设备
[root@centos7 ~ 11:00:27]# fdisk -l | grep sd
WARNING: fdisk GPT support is currently new, and therefore in an experimental phase. Use at your own discretion.
Disk /dev/sda: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes, 419430400 sectors
/dev/sda1   *        2048     2099199     1048576   83  Linux
/dev/sda2         2099200   419430399   208665600   8e  Linux LVM
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors

# 查看特定硬盘信息
[root@centos7 ~ 11:02:31]# fdisk -l /dev/sda

Disk /dev/sda: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes, 419430400 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000b33e6

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048     2099199     1048576   83  Linux
/dev/sda2         2099200   419430399   208665600   8e  Linux LVM
[root@centos7 ~ 11:02:37]# fdisk -l /dev/sdb

Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

帮助信息

# 交互方式管理sdb硬盘
[root@centos7 ~ 11:04:27]# fdisk /dev/sdb
WARNING: fdisk GPT support is currently new, and therefore in an experimental phase. Use at your own discretion.
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.


# m 查看帮助
Command (m for help): m
Command action
   d   delete a partition
   g   create a new empty GPT partition table
   G   create an IRIX (SGI) partition table
   l   list known partition types
   m   print this menu
   n   add a new partition
   o   create a new empty DOS partition table
   p   print the partition table
   q   quit without saving changes
   s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
   t   change a partition's system id
   v   verify the partition table
   w   write table to disk and exit
   x   extra functionality (experts only)

查看分区表

# p 查看分区表
Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: gpt
Disk identifier: 4900D626-AAD6-442E-AF32-1F4557A0E95F


#         Start          End    Size  Type            Name
# sdb硬盘是空盘，没有分区

创建分区

# n 新建分区
Command (m for help): `n`
Partition type:
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): `回车` # 主分区类型
Using default response p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): `回车`   # 分区号
First sector (2048-41943039, default 2048): `回车`   # 分区的起始位置
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-41943039, default 41943039): `+5G` # 分区的结束位置
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 5 GiB is set

# 再次查看，多了一个分区
Command (m for help): `p`

Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xdfdac101

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1            2048    10487807     5242880   83  Linux

保存分区表

# w 保存修改
Command (m for help): `w`
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

# 再次查看块设备
[root@centos7 ~ 08:29:58]# lsblk /dev/sdb
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sdb      8:16   0  20G  0 disk 
└─sdb1   8:17   0   5G  0 part 

删除分区

[root@centos7 ~ 11:07:45]# fdisk /dev/sdb
WARNING: fdisk GPT support is currently new, and therefore in an experimental phase. Use at your own discretion.
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

# d 删除分区
Command (m for help): d
Selected partition 1
Partition 1 is deleted

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: gpt
Disk identifier: 4900D626-AAD6-442E-AF32-1F4557A0E95F
# 对应的分区被删除
# 保存退出
Command (m for help): `w`
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

计算机存储单位。

GB=1000MB

GiB=1024MiB

gdisk 工具

gdisk 工具用于管理 GPT 分区方案的硬盘

# 安装工具
[root@centos7 ~ 08:47:43]# yum install -y gdisk

查看硬盘信息

[root@centos7 ~ 10:48:11]# gdisk -l /dev/sdb
GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 0.8.10

Partition table scan:
  MBR: MBR only
  BSD: not present
  APM: not present
  GPT: not present


***************************************************************
Found invalid GPT and valid MBR; converting MBR to GPT format
in memory. 
***************************************************************

Disk /dev/sdb: 41943040 sectors, 20.0 GiB
Logical sector size: 512 bytes
Disk identifier (GUID): 97F5387A-5B59-41B6-969D-14B03A00EF93
Partition table holds up to 128 entries
First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 41943006
Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries
Total free space is 41942973 sectors (20.0 GiB)

Number  Start (sector)    End (sector)  Size       Code  Name

帮助信息

[root@centos7 ~ 10:48:42]# gdisk /dev/sdb
GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 0.8.10

Partition table scan:
  MBR: MBR only
  BSD: not present
  APM: not present
  GPT: not present


***************************************************************
Found invalid GPT and valid MBR; converting MBR to GPT format
in memory. THIS OPERATION IS POTENTIALLY DESTRUCTIVE! Exit by
typing 'q' if you don't want to convert your MBR partitions
to GPT format!
***************************************************************

Command (? for help): ?   
b   back up GPT data to a file # 备份GPT数据到文件
c   change a partition's name # 修改分区名称
d   delete a partition # 删除分区
i   show detailed information on a partition # 查看分区详细信息
l   list known partition types # 列出已知分区类型
n   add a new partition # 创建新分区
o   create a new empty GUID partition table (GPT) # 创建空GPT分区表
p   print the partition table # 打印分区表
q   quit without saving changes # 退出不保存
r   recovery and transformation options (experts only) # 恢复/转换选项（专家模式）
s   sort partitions # 排序分区
t   change a partition's type code # 修改分区类型码
v   verify disk # 校验磁盘
w   write table to disk and exit # 保存并退出
x   extra functionality (experts only) # 扩展功能（专家模式）
?   print this menu # 打印帮助菜单

查看分区表

Command (? for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 41943040 sectors, 20.0 GiB
Logical sector size: 512 bytes
Disk identifier (GUID): 4900D626-AAD6-442E-AF32-1F4557A0E95F
Partition table holds up to 128 entries
First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 41943006
Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries
Total free space is 41942973 sectors (20.0 GiB)

Number  Start (sector)    End (sector)  Size       Code  Name

创建分区

Command (? for help): n
Partition number (1-128, default 1): 
First sector (34-41943006, default = 2048) or {+-}size{KMGTP}: 
Last sector (2048-41943006, default = 41943006) or {+-}size{KMGTP}: +10G
Current type is 'Linux filesystem'
Hex code or GUID (L to show codes, Enter = 8300): 
Changed type of partition to 'Linux filesystem'

Command (? for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 41943040 sectors, 20.0 GiB
Logical sector size: 512 bytes
Disk identifier (GUID): 4900D626-AAD6-442E-AF32-1F4557A0E95F
Partition table holds up to 128 entries
First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 41943006
Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries
Total free space is 20971453 sectors (10.0 GiB)

Number  Start (sector)    End (sector)  Size       Code  Name
   1            2048        20973567   10.0 GiB    8300  Linux filesystem

保存分区表

Command (? for help): w

Final checks complete. About to write GPT data. THIS WILL OVERWRITE EXISTING
PARTITIONS!!

Do you want to proceed? (Y/N): y
OK; writing new GUID partition table (GPT) to /dev/sdb.
The operation has completed successfully.

# 再次查看
[root@centos7 ~ 10:53:41]# lsblk /dev/sdb
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sdb      8:16   0  20G  0 disk 
└─sdb1   8:17   0  10G  0 part 

删除分区

[root@centos7 ~ 11:20:13]# gdisk /dev/sdb
GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 0.8.10

Partition table scan:
  MBR: protective  # 保护式MBR（属于GPT的一部分）
  BSD: not present
  APM: not present
  GPT: present   # GPT 格式

Found valid GPT with protective MBR; using GPT.

Command (? for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 41943040 sectors, 20.0 GiB
Logical sector size: 512 bytes
Disk identifier (GUID): 4900D626-AAD6-442E-AF32-1F4557A0E95F
Partition table holds up to 128 entries
First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 41943006
Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries
Total free space is 20971453 sectors (10.0 GiB)

Number  Start (sector)    End (sector)  Size       Code  Name
   1            2048        20973567   10.0 GiB    8300  

# d 删除
Command (? for help): d
Using 1

# 再次确认
Command (? for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 41943040 sectors, 20.0 GiB
Logical sector size: 512 bytes
Disk identifier (GUID): 4900D626-AAD6-442E-AF32-1F4557A0E95F
Partition table holds up to 128 entries
First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 41943006
Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries
Total free space is 41942973 sectors (20.0 GiB)

Number  Start (sector)    End (sector)  Size       Code  Name

# 保存退出
Command (? for help): w

Final checks complete. About to write GPT data. THIS WILL OVERWRITE EXISTING
PARTITIONS!!

Do you want to proceed? (Y/N): y
OK; writing new GUID partition table (GPT) to /dev/sdb.
The operation has completed successfully.

# 再次查看
[root@centos7 ~ 11:20:34]# lsblk /dev/sdb
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sdb    8:16   0  20G  0 disk 

文件系统基本管理

# 提前准备好分区/dev/sdb1、/dev/sdb2
[root@centos7 ~ 11:36:36]# lsblk /dev/sdb
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sdb      8:16   0  20G  0 disk 
├─sdb1   8:17   0   5G  0 part 
└─sdb2   8:18   0  10G  0 part 

文件系统格式化

硬盘分区不能直接使用，需要格式化成相应的文件系统（ext4、xfs）才能存储文件。

# 将sdb1格式化为ext4
[root@centos7 ~ 11:36:40]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
327680 inodes, 1310720 blocks
65536 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=1342177280
40 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
	32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736

Allocating group tables: done                            
Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done 

# 将sdb2格式化为xfs
[root@centos7 ~ 11:40:03]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb2
meta-data=/dev/sdb2              isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=655360 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=0, sparse=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=2621440, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=2560, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0

文件系统挂载

硬盘挂载之后才能使用，类似于windows中分配盘符（C盘）。

示例1：挂载/dev/sdb1给web应用使用

# 准备挂载点（目录）
[root@centos7 ~ 11:40:26]# mkdir /mnt/web
# 挂载/dev/sdb1到/mnt/web，后续写入分区sdb1的数据通过路径/mnt/web引用。
[root@centos7 ~ 11:43:59]# mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/web
[root@centos7 ~ 11:45:00]# df -h /mnt/web
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sdb1       4.8G   20M  4.6G   1% /mnt/web

# 写入测试
[root@centos7 ~ 11:45:15]# echo Hello world > /mnt/web/test.txt
# 此时文件/mnt/web/test.txt，存储到sdb1中。

示例2：挂载/dev/sdb2给db应用使用

[root@centos7 ~ 11:49:35]# mkdir /mnt/db

[root@centos7 ~ 11:49:37]# mount /dev/sdb2 /mnt/db

[root@centos7 ~ 11:49:46]# df -h /mnt/db
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sdb2        10G   33M   10G   1% /mnt/db
[root@centos7 ~ 11:50:23]# echo Hello mysql > /mnt/db/db.txt
[root@centos7 ~ 11:50:55]# cat /mnt/db/db.txt
Hello mysql

部署 web 服务器

web 服务器提供web页面分享，提供一些动态网站，例如购物。

部署服务流程：

1. 安装相关软件包
2. 准备相关材料
3. 配置服务
4. 启用并启动服务
5. 设置防火墙
6. 客户端访问测试

# 1. 安装相关软件包
[root@centos7 ~ 13:33:03]# yum install -y nginx

# 2. 准备相关材料
# 使用/mnt/web 作为网站的根目录
[root@centos7 ~ 13:46:35]# echo Hello World From Nginx > /mnt/web/index.html

# 3. 配置服务
[root@centos7 ~ 13:52:50]# cp /etc/nginx/nginx.conf /etc/nginx/conf.d/vhost-www.caojie.cloud.conf
[root@centos7 ~ 13:53:57]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/vhost-www.caojie.cloud.conf
server {
    server_name  www.laoma.cloud;
    root         /mnt/web;
}

# 4. 启用并启动服务
[root@centos7 ~ 14:01:32]# systemctl enable nginx --now

# 6. 客户端访问测试
[root@centos7 ~ 14:01:49]# vim /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
# 增加域名解析
10.1.8.10 www.laoma.cloud www

[root@centos7 ~ 14:02:40]# curl http://www.caojie.cloud/
Hello World From Nginx

# 如果是windows访问，则修改C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts，也添加相应记录
#记事本用管理员命令打开（打开hosts需要所有文件）

文件系统卸载

文件系统不使用的时候，可以卸载（取消目录和设备之间的映射关系）。

[root@centos7 ~ 13:54:59]# lsblk /dev/sdb
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sdb      8:16   0  20G  0 disk 
├─sdb1   8:17   0   5G  0 part /mnt/web
└─sdb2   8:18   0  10G  0 part /mnt/db

# 卸载挂载点
[root@centos7 ~ 14:35:57]# umount /mnt/db
[root@centos7 ~ 14:36:08]# lsblk /dev/sdb2
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sdb2   8:18   0  10G  0 part 

换一种方式挂载和卸载

# 查看设备id
[root@centos7 ~ 14:36:14]# blkid /dev/sdb2
/dev/sdb2: UUID="edd9b435-5c20-46a8-9a1b-adce611e64c7" TYPE="xfs" PARTLABEL="Linux filesystem" PARTUUID="695ac164-8e69-408f-bdfb-6b444bc49e3e" 

# 可以使用以下任意一种方式表达设备
- /dev/sdb2
- UUID="edd9b435-5c20-46a8-9a1b-adce611e64c7"
- PARTLABEL="Linux filesystem"
- PARTUUID="695ac164-8e69-408f-bdfb-6b444bc49e3e" 

# 使用 UUID 挂载
[root@centos7 ~ 14:37:23]# mount UUID="edd9b435-5c20-46a8-9a1b-adce611e64c7" /mnt/db
[root@centos7 ~ 14:37:50]# lsblk /dev/sdb2
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sdb2   8:18   0  10G  0 part /mnt/db

# 通过设备名称卸载
[root@centos7 ~ 14:38:39]# umount /dev/sdb2
[root@centos7 ~ 14:38:56]# lsblk /dev/sdb2
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sdb2   8:18   0  10G  0 part

文件系统卸载失败

模拟占用

[root@centos7 ~ 14:44:27]# tail -f /mnt/web/index.html &

卸载文件系统报错: target is busy.

[root@centos7 ~ 14:49:45]# umount /mnt/web
umount: /mnt/web: target is busy.
        (In some cases useful info about processes that use
         the device is found by lsof(8) or fuser(1))

找到使用设备的进程

[root@centos7 ~ 15:09:00]# yum install -y lsof

# 参数是挂载点
[root@centos7 ~ 15:00:10]# lsof /mnt/web/
COMMAND  PID USER   FD   TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
tail    1601 root    3r   REG   8,17       23   13 /mnt/web/index.html

# tail 读取文件内容
# 如果是写入程序，关闭程序的时候，考虑带来的影响。

优雅退出进程或者使用kill关闭进程

[root@centos7 ~ 15:08:14]# kill -15 1601
# 再次卸载，不报错了。
[root@centos7 ~ 15:09:42]# umount /mnt/webxxxxxxxxxx5 1[root@centos7 ~ 14:53:14]# kill -15 22252# 再次卸载，不报错了。3[root@centos7 ~ 14:55:42]# umount /mnt/web[root@centos7 ~ 14:53:14]# kill -15 21744# 再次卸载，不报错了。5[root@centos7 ~ 14:55:42]# umount /mnt/web

持久化挂载

计算机重启后，文件系统自动挂载。

/etc/fstab存储了系统自动挂载设备清单。

root@centos7 ~ 16:05:05]# cat /etc/fstab

#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Fri Apr  3 14:10:38 2026
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) 
#
/dev/mapper/centos-root /                       xfs     defaul
UUID=6b1c9a36-3319-406e-97ea-81968097de6f /boot               s        0 0
/dev/mapper/centos-home /home                   xfs     defaul
/dev/mapper/centos-swap swap                    swap    defau

设置/dev/sdb1 自动挂载到 /mnt/web

root@centos7 ~ 16:05:13]# cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab-0408
[root@centos7 ~ 16:05:33]# vim /etc/fstab
# 最后添加
/dev/sdb1 /mnt/web                   ext4     defaults        0 0

条目参数说明：

• /dev/sdb1：挂载的设备
• /mnt/web：设备挂载点
• ext4：设备的文件系统
• defaults：挂载选项，用于控制文件系统属性，例如defaults改为ro，则文件系统只能读（readonly）
• 0：是否备份，现在已弃用，可用之为0或者1
• 0：文件系统监测顺序，值越小，越优先检查。基本不用

重启测试。

[root@centos7 ~ 16:34:34]# umount /mnt/web
[root@centos7 ~ 16:38:03]# mount /mnt/web
[root@centos7 ~ 16:38:09]# df -h /mnt/web
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sdb1       4.8G   21M  4.6G   1% /mnt/web

RAID存储

vmware nat 映射

• 映射web端口