阿里云ECS服务器(linux)挂载硬盘
1.查看系统挂载
[root@iZ234wzhfriZ ~]# df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/vda1        40G  2.3G   36G   7% /
tmpfs           3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev/shm
2.查看磁盘列表(vdb还没有进行分区)
[root@iZ234wzhfriZ ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/vda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 5221 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00078f9c

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/vda1   *           1        5222    41940992   83  Linux
Disk /dev/vdb: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes
16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 208050 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

3.分区：
fdisk /dev/vdb 
[root@iZ234wzhfriZ ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/vda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 5221 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00078f9c

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/vda1   *           1        5222    41940992   83  Linux

Disk /dev/vdb: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes
16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 208050 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x1ef51bc1
   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/vdb1               1      208050   104857168+  83  Linux

4.格式分区/dev/vdb1：
mkfs.ext4 /dev/vdb1
[root@iZ234wzhfriZ ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vdb1
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
6553600 inodes, 26214292 blocks
1310714 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
800 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 
        4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872

Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 31 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

5.挂载：
创建挂载目录
[root@iZ234wzhfriZ /]# mkdir data
mount /dev/vdb1 /data
[root@iZ234wzhfriZ /]# df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/vda1        40G  2.3G   36G   7% /
tmpfs           3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev/shm
/dev/vdb1        99G  188M   94G   1% /data

6.把挂载配置/etc/fstab中重启会自动挂载
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Thu Aug 14 21:16:42 2014
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
UUID=94e4e384-0ace-437f-bc96-057dd64f42ee / ext4 defaults,barrier=0 1 1
tmpfs                   /dev/shm                tmpfs   defaults        0 0
devpts                  /dev/pts                devpts  gid=5,mode=620  0 0
sysfs                   /sys                    sysfs   defaults        0 0
proc                    /proc                   proc    defaults        0 0
/dev/vdb1               /data                   ext4    defaults        0 0