第一个Linux驱动-流水灯
水平有限,描述不当之处请指出,转载请注明出处http://blog.csdn.net/vanbreaker/article/details/7711695
本节介绍如何利用板载的Led和Linux的内核定时器实现一个简单的流水灯的驱动,所使用的开发板是TQ2440,内核版本2.6.30.4。
程序比较简单,也没涉及到什么机制,直接上代码了!关于定时器的使用模板可以参考<<Linux设备驱动开发详解>>.
驱动程序:
#include<linux/module.h>
#include<linux/init.h>
#include<linux/types.h>
#include<linux/fs.h>
#include<linux/mm.h>
#include<linux/cdev.h>
#include<linux/slab.h>
#include<linux/timer.h>
#include<linux/jiffies.h>
#include<asm/io.h>
#include<asm/uaccess.h>
#include<mach/regs-gpio.h>
#define LED_MAJOR 244
#define LED_ON 0
#define LED_OFF 1
#define LED1_PIN S3C2410_GPB5
#define LED2_PIN S3C2410_GPB6
#define LED3_PIN S3C2410_GPB7
#define LED4_PIN S3C2410_GPB8
static unsigned long led_major = LED_MAJOR;
struct led_dev
{
struct cdev cdev;
struct timer_list s_timer;
atomic_t led_no; //LED编号
atomic_t sec_counter; //秒计时数
};
struct led_dev *led_devp;
void led_control(int led_no)
{
switch(led_no)
{
case 1:s3c2410_gpio_setpin(LED1_PIN,LED_ON);
s3c2410_gpio_setpin(LED2_PIN,LED_OFF);
s3c2410_gpio_setpin(LED3_PIN,LED_OFF);
s3c2410_gpio_setpin(LED4_PIN,LED_OFF);
break;
case 2:s3c2410_gpio_setpin(LED1_PIN,LED_OFF);
s3c2410_gpio_setpin(LED2_PIN,LED_ON);
s3c2410_gpio_setpin(LED3_PIN,LED_OFF);
s3c2410_gpio_setpin(LED4_PIN,LED_OFF);
break;
case 3:s3c2410_gpio_setpin(LED1_PIN,LED_OFF);
s3c2410_gpio_setpin(LED2_PIN,LED_OFF);
s3c2410_gpio_setpin(LED3_PIN,LED_ON);
s3c2410_gpio_setpin(LED4_PIN,LED_OFF);
break;
case 4:s3c2410_gpio_setpin(LED1_PIN,LED_OFF);
s3c2410_gpio_setpin(LED2_PIN,LED_OFF);
s3c2410_gpio_setpin(LED3_PIN,LED_OFF);
s3c2410_gpio_setpin(LED4_PIN,LED_ON);
break;
default:break;
}
}
//定时器处理函数
static void sec_timer_handler(unsigned long arg)
{
int num;
mod_timer(&led_devp->s_timer,jiffies+HZ);
num = atomic_read(&led_devp->led_no);
if(num == 4)
{
atomic_set(&led_devp->led_no,1);
}
else
{
atomic_inc(&led_devp->led_no);
}
num = atomic_read(&led_devp->led_no);
led_control(num);
atomic_inc(&led_devp->sec_counter);
num = atomic_read(&led_devp->sec_counter);
printk(KERN_INFO "sec_count:%d\n",num);
}
static int led_open(struct inode *inode,struct file *filp)
{
struct timer_list *timer;
timer = &led_devp->s_timer;
init_timer(timer);
timer->function = sec_timer_handler;
timer->expires = jiffies+HZ; //计时频率为HZ
add_timer(timer);
atomic_set(&led_devp->sec_counter,0);
atomic_set(&led_devp->led_no,0);
return 0;
}
static int led_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
del_timer(&led_devp->s_timer);
return 0;
}
static ssize_t led_read(struct file *filp, char __user *buf,
size_t size, loff_t *ppos)
{
int count,led_no;
int result;
count = atomic_read(&led_devp->sec_counter);
led_no = atomic_read(&led_devp->led_no);
result = (count<<3)+led_no;
if(put_user(result,(int*)buf))
{
return -EFAULT;
}
else
{
return sizeof(int);
}
}
static const struct file_operations led_fops =
{
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.read = led_read,
.open = led_open,
.release = led_release,
};
static void led_setup_cdev(struct led_dev *dev, int index)
{
int err,devno = MKDEV(led_major,index);
cdev_init(&dev->cdev,&led_fops);
dev->cdev.owner = THIS_MODULE;
err = cdev_add(&dev->cdev,devno,1);
if(err)
{
printk(KERN_NOTICE "Error %d adding %d\n",err,index);
}
}
static int led_init(void)
{
int result;
dev_t devno = MKDEV(led_major,0); //获取设备号
/*注册设备*/
if(led_major)
result = register_chrdev_region(devno,1,"led");
else
{
result = alloc_chrdev_region(&devno,0,1,"led");
led_major = MAJOR(devno);
}
if(result<0)
{
printk("register failed!");
return result;
}
led_devp =(struct led_dev*)kmalloc(sizeof(struct led_dev),GFP_KERNEL);
if(!led_devp)
{
result = -ENOMEM;
unregister_chrdev_region(devno,1);
}
memset(led_devp, 0 ,sizeof(struct led_dev));
led_setup_cdev(led_devp,0);
/*配置IO口*/
s3c2410_gpio_cfgpin(LED1_PIN,S3C2410_GPIO_OUTPUT);
s3c2410_gpio_cfgpin(LED2_PIN,S3C2410_GPIO_OUTPUT);
s3c2410_gpio_cfgpin(LED3_PIN,S3C2410_GPIO_OUTPUT);
s3c2410_gpio_cfgpin(LED4_PIN,S3C2410_GPIO_OUTPUT);
/*初始化IO电平*/
s3c2410_gpio_setpin(LED1_PIN,LED_OFF);
s3c2410_gpio_setpin(LED2_PIN,LED_OFF);
s3c2410_gpio_setpin(LED3_PIN,LED_OFF);
s3c2410_gpio_setpin(LED4_PIN,LED_OFF);
return 0;
}
static void led_exit(void)
{
cdev_del(&led_devp->cdev);
kfree(led_devp);
unregister_chrdev_region(MKDEV(led_major,0),1);
}
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
MODULE_AUTHOR("Vanbreaker");
module_init(led_init);
module_exit(led_exit);
在该例程中,由于控制LED亮灭的部分放在了定时器处理函数中,因此led_read函数没有实际作用,这样的话应用程序就简单一些;另一种选择是将该控制部分放在应用程序中完成,不过还得添加一个iocntl函数,这是我之前的做法。
控制s3c2440的IO口可以使用内核中已经提供的操作函数,在arch\arm\plat-s3c24xx\Gpio.c中,需要包含头文件<asm/io.h>相关的IO口定义在arch\arm\s3c2410\include\mach\Regs-gpio.h中,需要包含头文件<mach/regs-gpio.h>
可以分析下s3c2410_gpio_setpin()这个函数
void s3c2410_gpio_setpin(unsigned int pin, unsigned int to)
{
void __iomem *base = S3C24XX_GPIO_BASE(pin);//获取该pin所在的gpio组的虚拟地址
unsigned long offs = S3C2410_GPIO_OFFSET(pin);//计算该pin在gpio组内的偏移
unsigned long flags;
unsigned long dat;
local_irq_save(flags);
dat = __raw_readl(base + 0x04);//通过加上0x04定位到数据寄存器,将该组gpio的数据读取出来
dat &= ~(1 << offs); //相应位清零
dat |= to << offs; //相应位置位
__raw_writel(dat, base + 0x04); //写回数据
local_irq_restore(flags);
}
#define S3C24XX_GPIO_BASE(x) S3C2410_GPIO_BASE(x)
#define S3C2410_GPIO_BASE(pin) ((((pin) & ~31) >> 1) + S3C24XX_VA_GPIO)
S3C2410_GPIO_BASE(pin)用来计算pin所在的GPIO组的虚拟地址,S3C24XX_VA_GPIO是IO的虚拟基址,我们分析一下 ((pin)&~31)>>1是什么意思。首先我们得了解传入的参数究竟是什么形式的,以S3C2410_GPA0的定义为例:
#define S3C2410_GPA0 S3C2410_GPIONO(S3C2410_GPIO_BANKA, 0)
#define S3C2410_GPIONO(bank,offset) ((bank) + (offset))
#define S3C2410_GPIO_BANKA (32*0)
#define S3C2410_GPIO_BANKB (32*1)
#define S3C2410_GPIO_BANKC (32*2)
#define S3C2410_GPIO_BANKD (32*3)
#define S3C2410_GPIO_BANKE (32*4)
#define S3C2410_GPIO_BANKF (32*5)
#define S3C2410_GPIO_BANKG (32*6)
#define S3C2410_GPIO_BANKH (32*7)
可以看到bank都有32位,因此传入的pin参数实际就是离起始bank的位偏移,S3C2410_GPA0为0,S3C2410_GPB0为32.而每个GPIO组都有4个寄存器,一个GPIO组所占的内存大小就有4*32/8=32/2=32>>1=16个字节大小,由此可见 (pin)&~31是先将低位屏蔽,计算出pin所在的gpio组,再将结果右移一位就是计算字节的偏移,如GPA的偏移为0,GPB的偏移为0X10,GPC的偏移为0X20……最后将偏移加上IO的虚拟基址就得到了该组IO口的虚拟地址了。
计算组内偏移很简单:
#define S3C2410_GPIO_OFFSET(pin) ((pin) & 31)
应用测试程序:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<unistd.h>
#include<fcntl.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
int main()
{
int fd;
fd = open("/dev/led_timer",O_RDWR);
if(fd != -1)
{
printf("open /dev/led_timer\n");
while(1);
}
else
{
printf("cannot open /dev/led_timer!");
}
}
将编译好的模块和应用程序移到开发板上进行加载和执行,即可以看到流水灯的效果
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