linux spi设备驱动中probe函数何时被调用
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这两天被设备文件快搞疯了,也怪自己学东西一知半解吧,弄了几天总算能把设备注册理清楚一点点了。就以spi子设备的注册为例总结一下,免得自己忘记。
首先以注册一个spidev的设备为例:
static struct spi_board_info imx5_spi_printer_device[] __initdata =
{
{
.modalias = "spidev",
.max_speed_hz = 8000000,
.bus_num = 1,
.chip_select = 1,
.mode = SPI_MODE_0,
},
};
spi_register_board_info(imx5_spi_printer_device,ARRAY_SIZE(imx5_spi_printer_device));
在mx5_loco.c文件中添加上面结构体spi_board_info,modalias必须指定已有的一个驱动, 至于bus_num和chip_select,如果你不知道bus_num是多少,可以在你的父驱动中打印出来,这里的bus_num一定要和父类的bus_num一致,否则是无法生成设备文件的。如果spi一直没有时钟信号,很有可能是bus_num不对。
这样系统起来之后就会在/dev目录下出现一个名为spidev1.1的设备文件,读写这个文件就可以实现spi的操作
还有下面这种情况:
static struct spi_board_info prt_spi_device[] __initdata = {
{
.modalias = "HotPRT",
.max_speed_hz = 12500000, /* max spi clock (SCK) speed in HZ */
.bus_num = 1,
.chip_select = 1,
// .mode = SPI_MODE_0,
.platform_data = 0,
},
};
spi_register_board_info(prt_spi_device, ARRAY_SIZE(prt_spi_device));
我自己实现了一个spi的驱动,然后需要创建一个设备文件,设备文件的创建是在probe中完成。
static struct spi_driver prt_driver = {
.driver = {
.name = "HotPRT",
.bus = &spi_bus_type,
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
},
.probe = prt_probe,
.remove = __devexit_p(prt_remove),
};
spi_register_driver(&prt_driver);
但是我开始一直触发不了probe,于是找啊找,总算知道probe的调用过程了,如下:
int spi_register_driver(struct spi_driver *sdrv)
{
sdrv->driver.bus = &spi_bus_type;
if (sdrv->probe)
sdrv->driver.probe = spi_drv_probe;
if (sdrv->remove)
sdrv->driver.remove = spi_drv_remove;
if (sdrv->shutdown)
sdrv->driver.shutdown = spi_drv_shutdown;
return driver_register(&sdrv->driver);
}
然后调用driver_register
<pre name="code" class="cpp">int driver_register(struct device_driver *drv)
{
int ret;
struct device_driver *other;
BUG_ON(!drv->bus->p);
if ((drv->bus->probe && drv->probe) ||
(drv->bus->remove && drv->remove) ||
(drv->bus->shutdown && drv->shutdown))
printk(KERN_WARNING "Driver '%s' needs updating - please use "
"bus_type methods\n", drv->name);
other = driver_find(drv->name, drv->bus);
if (other) {
put_driver(other);
printk(KERN_ERR "Error: Driver '%s' is already registered, "
"aborting...\n", drv->name);
return -EBUSY;
}
ret = bus_add_driver(drv);
if (ret)
return ret;
ret = driver_add_groups(drv, drv->groups);
if (ret)
bus_remove_driver(drv);
return ret;
}
直接看bus_add_driver
klist_init(&priv->klist_devices, NULL, NULL);
priv->driver = drv;
drv->p = priv;
priv->kobj.kset = bus->p->drivers_kset;
error = kobject_init_and_add(&priv->kobj, &driver_ktype, NULL,
"%s", drv->name);
if (error)
goto out_unregister;
if (drv->bus->p->drivers_autoprobe) {
error = driver_attach(drv);
if (error)
goto out_unregister;
}
klist_add_tail(&priv->knode_bus, &bus->p->klist_drivers);
module_add_driver(drv->owner, drv);
这里只截取一部分,最后调用的是driver_attach
int driver_attach(struct device_driver * drv)
{
return bus_for_each_dev(drv->bus, NULL, drv, __driver_attach);
}
真正起作用的是__driver_attach:
static int __driver_attach(struct device * dev, void * data)
{
。。。
if (!dev->driver)
driver_probe_device(drv, dev);
。。。
}
int driver_probe_device(struct device_driver * drv, struct device * dev)
{
。。。
//1.先是判断bus是否match:
if (drv->bus->match && !drv->bus->match(dev, drv))
goto done;
//2.再具体执行probe:
ret = really_probe(dev, drv);
。。。
}
really_probe才是我们要找的函数:
static int really_probe(struct device *dev, struct device_driver *drv)
{
。。。
//1.先是调用的驱动所属总线的probe函数:
if (dev->bus->probe) {
ret = dev->bus->probe(dev);
if (ret)
goto probe_failed;
} else if (drv->probe) {
//2.再调用你的驱动中的probe函数:
ret = drv->probe(dev);
if (ret)
goto probe_failed;
}
。。。
}
其中,drv->probe(dev),才是真正调用你的驱动实现的具体的probe函数。至此 probe函数被调用。
在板文件中添加spi_board_info,并在板文件的init函数中调用spi_register_board_info(
prt_spi_device<span style="font-family: NSimSum; line-height: 1.5; ">,ARRAY_SIZE(</span><span style="font-family: NSimSum; ">prt_spi_device</span><span style="font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 1.5; "><span style="line-height: 1.5; font-family: NSimSum; ">))</span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 1.5; ">;</span>
//注册spi_board_info。这个代码会把spi_board_info注册到链表board_list上。spi_device封装了一个spi_master结构体,事实上spi_master的注册会在spi_register_board_info之后,spi_master注册的过程中会调用scan_boardinfo扫描board_list,找到挂接在它上面的spi设备,然后创建并注册spi_device。
另外有关spi片选引脚的设置:1、直接将gpio配置成spi片选功能引脚。 2、将gpio配置成片选引脚,这个时候就需要设置结构体
static void mx53_loco_gpio_spi_chipselect_active(int cspi_mode, int status,
int chipselect)
{
switch (cspi_mode) {
case 1: //ESPI1,bus_num 1
switch (chipselect) {
case 0x1://SS0 chipselect = .chip_select + 1
{
iomux_v3_cfg_t cspi_ss0 = MX53_PAD_CSI0_DAT7__ECSPI1_SS0;
iomux_v3_cfg_t cspi_ss2 = MX53_PAD_KEY_ROW2__GPIO4_11;//SS2
mxc_iomux_v3_setup_pad(cspi_ss0);
mxc_iomux_v3_setup_pad(cspi_ss2);
gpio_request(ECSPI1_CS2, "ecspi-cs2");
gpio_direction_input(ECSPI1_CS2);
}
break;
default:
break;
}
case 2://ESPI2,bus_num 2
switch (chipselect) {
case 0x2://SS0
{
gpio_request(ECSPI2_SS1, "ecspi-cs1");
gpio_direction_output(ECSPI2_SS1, 1);
}
break;
case 0x3://SS1
{
gpio_request(ECSPI2_SS1, "ecspi-cs1");
gpio_direction_output(ECSPI2_SS1, 0);
}
break;
default:
break;
}
default:
break;
}
}
static void mx53_loco_gpio_spi_chipselect_inactive(int cspi_mode, int status,
int chipselect)
{
switch (cspi_mode) {
case 1:
switch (chipselect) {
case 0x1:
gpio_free(ECSPI1_CS2);
break;
default:
break;
}
case 2:
switch (chipselect) {
case 0x2:
{
gpio_request(ECSPI2_SS1, "ecspi-cs1");
gpio_direction_output(ECSPI2_SS1, 0);
}
break;
case 0x3:
{
gpio_request(ECSPI2_SS1, "ecspi-cs1");
gpio_direction_output(ECSPI2_SS1, 1);
}
break;
default:
break;
}
default:
break;
}
}
static struct mxc_spi_master mxcspi_data = {
.maxchipselect = 4,
.spi_version = 23,
.chipselect_active = mx53_loco_gpio_spi_chipselect_active,
.chipselect_inactive = mx53_loco_gpio_spi_chipselect_inactive,
};
这样设置后就不再需要手动设置片选的状态了。
设备文件的生成:
1、用mknod手动生成
通过cat /proc/devices命令,可以看到主设备的编号,例如spi是153 ,如果想生成一个spi的子设备可以用 mknod /dev/spidev -c 153 1
mknod 设备名 设备类型 主设备号 子设备号
2、在驱动中就加入创建设备文件的代码:
struct device *devi;
prt_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, PRT_DEV_NAME);
if(IS_ERR(prt_class))
PTR_ERR(prt_class);
devi = device_create(prt_class,NULL,MKDEV(PRT_DEV_MAJOR, 1), NULL, PRT_DEV_NAME);
if(IS_ERR(devi))
PTR_ERR(devi);
首先class_create
用它来创建一个类,这个类存放于sysfs下面,再调用device_create(…)函数来在/dev目录下创建相应的设备节点。
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