数据大于一切,谨慎操作!

背景需求:

原来2块4T磁盘组成raid1,现需要替换成两块8T磁盘。

思路:

  1. 安装好磁盘,格式化分区;
  2. 原raid阵列中退出一块磁盘(作为备份,万一操作失败,数据还在)
  3. 新磁盘加入到raid阵列中,同步数据;
  4. 将剩下的4T磁盘也退出raid阵列,调整raid大小到最大;
  5. 将另一块新磁盘格式化后加入到raid阵列,等待同步完成;
  6. 重置raid阵列大小到8T;

实施记录

  1. 查看raid状态
[root@localhost /]# mdadm --detail /dev/md127
/dev/md127:
        Version : 1.2
  Creation Time : Thu Mar 16 19:04:32 2017
     Raid Level : raid1
     Array Size : 3906885632 (3725.90 GiB 4000.65 GB)
  Used Dev Size : 3906885632 (3725.90 GiB 4000.65 GB)
   Raid Devices : 2
  Total Devices : 2
    Persistence : Superblock is persistent

  Intent Bitmap : Internal

    Update Time : Tue Mar 24 18:13:23 2020
          State : clean 
 Active Devices : 2
Working Devices : 2
 Failed Devices : 0
  Spare Devices : 0

           Name : localhost:1
           UUID : 1d6f0f24:e857bcde:776a084b:f3d42cb2
         Events : 15991

    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
       3       8       33        0      active sync   /dev/sdc1
       2       8       17        1      active sync   /dev/sdb1

  1. 关机,插上新磁盘后开机
  2. 插上第一块新磁盘(8T),分区,格式化
[root@localhost ~]# parted /dev/sdd
GNU Parted 3.2
Using /dev/sdd
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) mklabel                                                          
New disk label type? gpt                                                  
(parted) mkpart
Partition name?  []? sdd1                                                 
File system type?  [ext2]? ext4                                           
Start? 0                                                                  
End? 8002G
Warning: The resulting partition is not properly aligned for best performance.
Ignore/Cancel? i                                                          
(parted) p                                                                
Model: ATA WDC WD80EFAX-68K (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdd: 8002GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name  Flags
 1      17.4kB  8002GB  8002GB  ext4         sdd1

(parted) q                                                                
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.

# 分区命令或者为mkpart primary 0% 100%
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l                                              
Disk /dev/sda: 111.8 GiB, 120034123776 bytes, 234441648 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xf7cb259a

Device     Boot   Start       End   Sectors   Size Id Type
/dev/sda1  *       2048   1026047   1024000   500M 83 Linux
/dev/sda2       1026048 234440703 233414656 111.3G 8e Linux LVM


Disk /dev/sdb: 3.7 TiB, 4000787030016 bytes, 7814037168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: F954F1E6-DF93-4CAC-92A4-EF3DE06A0AEF

Device     Start        End    Sectors  Size Type
/dev/sdb1   2048 7814035455 7814033408  3.7T Linux filesystem


Disk /dev/sdc: 3.7 TiB, 4000787030016 bytes, 7814037168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: 4F73F4C1-E3E5-412E-9052-A3B6C3A51E45

Device     Start        End    Sectors  Size Type
/dev/sdc1   2048 7814035455 7814033408  3.7T Linux filesystem


Disk /dev/sdd: 7.3 TiB, 8001563222016 bytes, 15628053168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: 9FCCF687-80B1-4DD6-A0BB-287C3B5D6121

Device     Start         End     Sectors  Size Type
/dev/sdd1     34 15628053134 15628053101  7.3T Linux filesystem

Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary.


Disk /dev/mapper/fedora-root: 50 GiB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/mapper/fedora-swap: 3.4 GiB, 3623878656 bytes, 7077888 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/md127: 3.7 TiB, 4000650887168 bytes, 7813771264 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes


Disk /dev/mapper/fedora-home: 57.9 GiB, 62188945408 bytes, 121462784 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


# 格式化分区
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdd1
mke2fs 1.42.13 (17-May-2015)
/dev/sdd1 alignment is offset by 3072 bytes.
This may result in very poor performance, (re)-partitioning suggested.
Creating filesystem with 1953506637 4k blocks and 244191232 inodes
Filesystem UUID: 435da5fe-4804-4b86-a4f1-fd0ef0d27483
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 
        4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968, 
        102400000, 214990848, 512000000, 550731776, 644972544, 1934917632

Allocating group tables: done                            
Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done     
  1. umount md移除其中一块老的4T磁盘sdc
[root@localhost /]# umount /home/work
[root@localhost /]# mdadm --manage /dev/md127 --fail /dev/sdc1
mdadm: set /dev/sdc1 faulty in /dev/md127
[root@localhost /]# mdadm --manage /dev/md127 --remove /dev/sdc1
mdadm: hot removed /dev/sdc1 from /dev/md127
[root@localhost /]# mdadm -D /dev/md127
/dev/md127:
        Version : 1.2
  Creation Time : Thu Mar 16 19:04:32 2017
     Raid Level : raid1
     Array Size : 3906885632 (3725.90 GiB 4000.65 GB)
  Used Dev Size : 3906885632 (3725.90 GiB 4000.65 GB)
   Raid Devices : 2
  Total Devices : 1
    Persistence : Superblock is persistent

  Intent Bitmap : Internal

    Update Time : Tue Mar 24 18:19:06 2020
          State : clean, degraded 
 Active Devices : 1
Working Devices : 1
 Failed Devices : 0
  Spare Devices : 0

           Name : localhost:1
           UUID : 1d6f0f24:e857bcde:776a084b:f3d42cb2
         Events : 15994

    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
       0       0        0        0      removed
       2       8       17        1      active sync   /dev/sdb1
  1. 关机,拔掉磁盘sdc
  2. 开机,新磁盘编号变成了sdc(实际在第四个sata口)
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm --manage /dev/md127 --add /dev/sdd1
mdadm: Cannot find /dev/sdd1: No such file or directory
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 111.8 GiB, 120034123776 bytes, 234441648 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xf7cb259a

Device     Boot   Start       End   Sectors   Size Id Type
/dev/sda1  *       2048   1026047   1024000   500M 83 Linux
/dev/sda2       1026048 234440703 233414656 111.3G 8e Linux LVM


Disk /dev/sdb: 3.7 TiB, 4000787030016 bytes, 7814037168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: F954F1E6-DF93-4CAC-92A4-EF3DE06A0AEF

Device     Start        End    Sectors  Size Type
/dev/sdb1   2048 7814035455 7814033408  3.7T Linux filesystem


Disk /dev/sdc: 7.3 TiB, 8001563222016 bytes, 15628053168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: 9FCCF687-80B1-4DD6-A0BB-287C3B5D6121

Device     Start         End     Sectors  Size Type
/dev/sdc1     34 15628053134 15628053101  7.3T Linux filesystem

Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary.


Disk /dev/mapper/fedora-root: 50 GiB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/mapper/fedora-swap: 3.4 GiB, 3623878656 bytes, 7077888 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/md127: 3.7 TiB, 4000650887168 bytes, 7813771264 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes


Disk /dev/mapper/fedora-home: 57.9 GiB, 62188945408 bytes, 121462784 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
  1. 添加新磁盘(8T)到md,等待同步文件
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm --manage /dev/md127 --add /dev/sdc1
mdadm: added /dev/sdc1
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md127
/dev/md127:
        Version : 1.2
  Creation Time : Thu Mar 16 19:04:32 2017
     Raid Level : raid1
     Array Size : 3906885632 (3725.90 GiB 4000.65 GB)
  Used Dev Size : 3906885632 (3725.90 GiB 4000.65 GB)
   Raid Devices : 2
  Total Devices : 2
    Persistence : Superblock is persistent

  Intent Bitmap : Internal

    Update Time : Tue Mar 24 18:25:55 2020
          State : clean, degraded, recovering 
 Active Devices : 1
Working Devices : 2
 Failed Devices : 0
  Spare Devices : 1

 Rebuild Status : 0% complete

           Name : localhost:1
           UUID : 1d6f0f24:e857bcde:776a084b:f3d42cb2
         Events : 15999

    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
       3       8       33        0      spare rebuilding   /dev/sdc1
       2       8       17        1      active sync   /dev/sdb1
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md127
/dev/md127:
        Version : 1.2
  Creation Time : Thu Mar 16 19:04:32 2017
     Raid Level : raid1
     Array Size : 3906885632 (3725.90 GiB 4000.65 GB)
  Used Dev Size : 3906885632 (3725.90 GiB 4000.65 GB)
   Raid Devices : 2
  Total Devices : 2
    Persistence : Superblock is persistent

  Intent Bitmap : Internal

    Update Time : Tue Mar 24 18:25:55 2020
          State : clean, degraded, recovering 
 Active Devices : 1
Working Devices : 2
 Failed Devices : 0
  Spare Devices : 1

 Rebuild Status : 0% complete

           Name : localhost:1
           UUID : 1d6f0f24:e857bcde:776a084b:f3d42cb2
         Events : 15999

    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
       3       8       33        0      spare rebuilding   /dev/sdc1
       2       8       17        1      active sync   /dev/sdb1
  1. 第二天,查看同步完成,移除掉sdb(老的4T磁盘)
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md127
/dev/md127:
        Version : 1.2
  Creation Time : Thu Mar 16 19:04:32 2017
     Raid Level : raid1
     Array Size : 3906885632 (3725.90 GiB 4000.65 GB)
  Used Dev Size : 3906885632 (3725.90 GiB 4000.65 GB)
   Raid Devices : 2
  Total Devices : 2
    Persistence : Superblock is persistent

  Intent Bitmap : Internal

    Update Time : Wed Mar 25 02:25:18 2020
          State : clean 
 Active Devices : 2
Working Devices : 2
 Failed Devices : 0
  Spare Devices : 0

           Name : localhost:1
           UUID : 1d6f0f24:e857bcde:776a084b:f3d42cb2
         Events : 21833

    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
       3       8       33        0      active sync   /dev/sdc1
       2       8       17        1      active sync   /dev/sdb1

[root@localhost ~]# mdadm --manage /dev/md127 --fail /dev/sdb1
mdadm: set /dev/sdb1 faulty in /dev/md127
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm --manage /dev/md127 --remove /dev/sdb1
mdadm: hot removed /dev/sdb1 from /dev/md127

[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md127
/dev/md127:
        Version : 1.2
  Creation Time : Thu Mar 16 19:04:32 2017
     Raid Level : raid1
     Array Size : 3906885632 (3725.90 GiB 4000.65 GB)
  Used Dev Size : 3906885632 (3725.90 GiB 4000.65 GB)
   Raid Devices : 2
  Total Devices : 1
    Persistence : Superblock is persistent

  Intent Bitmap : Internal

    Update Time : Wed Mar 25 09:47:24 2020
          State : clean, degraded 
 Active Devices : 1
Working Devices : 1
 Failed Devices : 0
  Spare Devices : 0

           Name : localhost:1
           UUID : 1d6f0f24:e857bcde:776a084b:f3d42cb2
         Events : 21836

    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
       3       8       33        0      active sync   /dev/sdc1
       2       0        0        2      removed

9. 重置raid大小到磁盘最大
```python
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -G /dev/md127 --size=max
mdadm: component size of /dev/md127 has been set to 7813895478K
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md127
/dev/md127:
        Version : 1.2
  Creation Time : Thu Mar 16 19:04:32 2017
     Raid Level : raid1
     Array Size : 7813895478 (7451.91 GiB 8001.43 GB)
  Used Dev Size : 7813895478 (7451.91 GiB 8001.43 GB)
   Raid Devices : 2
  Total Devices : 1
    Persistence : Superblock is persistent

  Intent Bitmap : Internal

    Update Time : Wed Mar 25 18:36:35 2020
          State : clean, degraded 
 Active Devices : 1
Working Devices : 1
 Failed Devices : 0
  Spare Devices : 0

           Name : localhost:1
           UUID : 1d6f0f24:e857bcde:776a084b:f3d42cb2
         Events : 25972

    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
       3       8       33        0      active sync   /dev/sdc1
       2       0        0        2      removed
  1. 关机,拔掉老磁盘,装上第二块新磁盘(8T)

槽位搞混了没有关系,重要的是每次操作前先检查硬盘和分区

  1. 查看磁盘信息和md的同步情况
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 111.8 GiB, 120034123776 bytes, 234441648 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xf7cb259a

Device     Boot   Start       End   Sectors   Size Id Type
/dev/sda1  *       2048   1026047   1024000   500M 83 Linux
/dev/sda2       1026048 234440703 233414656 111.3G 8e Linux LVM


Disk /dev/sdb: 7.3 TiB, 8001563222016 bytes, 15628053168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: 9FCCF687-80B1-4DD6-A0BB-287C3B5D6121

Device     Start         End     Sectors  Size Type
/dev/sdb1     34 15628053134 15628053101  7.3T Linux filesystem

Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary.


Disk /dev/sdc: 7.3 TiB, 8001563222016 bytes, 15628053168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes


Disk /dev/mapper/fedora-root: 50 GiB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/mapper/fedora-swap: 3.4 GiB, 3623878656 bytes, 7077888 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/md127: 7.3 TiB, 8001428969984 bytes, 15627790957 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Alignment offset: 3072 bytes


Disk /dev/mapper/fedora-home: 57.9 GiB, 62188945408 bytes, 121462784 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md127
/dev/md127:
        Version : 1.2
  Creation Time : Thu Mar 16 19:04:32 2017
     Raid Level : raid1
     Array Size : 7813895478 (7451.91 GiB 8001.43 GB)
  Used Dev Size : 7813895478 (7451.91 GiB 8001.43 GB)
   Raid Devices : 2
  Total Devices : 1
    Persistence : Superblock is persistent

  Intent Bitmap : Internal

    Update Time : Wed Mar 25 18:36:35 2020
          State : clean, degraded 
 Active Devices : 1
Working Devices : 1
 Failed Devices : 0
  Spare Devices : 0

           Name : localhost:1
           UUID : 1d6f0f24:e857bcde:776a084b:f3d42cb2
         Events : 25972

    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
       3       8       17        0      active sync   /dev/sdb1
       2       0        0        2      removed

  1. 给第二块8T磁盘分区,格式化
注意后加的磁盘为:/dev/sdc
[root@localhost ~]# parted /dev/sdc
GNU Parted 3.2
Using /dev/sdc
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) mklabel                                                          
New disk label type? gpt                                                  
(parted) mkpart
Partition name?  []? sdc1                                                 
File system type?  [ext2]? ext4                                           
Start? 0                                                                  
End? 8002G                                                                
Warning: The resulting partition is not properly aligned for best performance.
Ignore/Cancel? i                                                          
(parted) p                                                                
Model: ATA WDC WD80EFAX-68K (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdc: 8002GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name  Flags
 1      17.4kB  8002GB  8002GB  ext4         sdc1

(parted) q                                                                
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.


[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdc1
mke2fs 1.42.13 (17-May-2015)
/dev/sdc1 alignment is offset by 3072 bytes.
This may result in very poor performance, (re)-partitioning suggested.
Creating filesystem with 1953506637 4k blocks and 244191232 inodes
Filesystem UUID: bb1d6318-260d-4018-a6bf-0be8c6a6b735
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 
        4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968, 
        102400000, 214990848, 512000000, 550731776, 644972544, 1934917632

Allocating group tables: done                            
Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done       
  1. 将新的磁盘加入到md127中, 并查看状态
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm --manage /dev/md127 --add /dev/sdc1
mdadm: added /dev/sdc1
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md127
/dev/md127:
        Version : 1.2
  Creation Time : Thu Mar 16 19:04:32 2017
     Raid Level : raid1
     Array Size : 7813895478 (7451.91 GiB 8001.43 GB)
  Used Dev Size : 7813895478 (7451.91 GiB 8001.43 GB)
   Raid Devices : 2
  Total Devices : 2
    Persistence : Superblock is persistent

  Intent Bitmap : Internal

    Update Time : Wed Mar 25 19:05:29 2020
          State : clean, degraded, recovering 
 Active Devices : 1
Working Devices : 2
 Failed Devices : 0
  Spare Devices : 1

 Rebuild Status : 0% complete

           Name : localhost:1
           UUID : 1d6f0f24:e857bcde:776a084b:f3d42cb2
         Events : 25980

    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
       3       8       17        0      active sync   /dev/sdb1
       2       8       33        1      spare rebuilding   /dev/sdc1
  1. 等同步完成,最后挂载上硬盘(注意一定要挂载好,以便能自动在线扩容),执行命令,很快就扩容成功
[root@localhost ~]# resize2fs /dev/md127
resize2fs 1.42.13 (17-May-2015)
Filesystem at /dev/md127 is mounted on /home/work; on-line resizing required
old_desc_blocks = 233, new_desc_blocks = 466

The filesystem on /dev/md127 is now 1953473869 (4k) blocks long.

[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem               Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs                 2.0G     0  2.0G   0% /dev
tmpfs                    2.0G     0  2.0G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    2.0G  508K  2.0G   1% /run
tmpfs                    2.0G     0  2.0G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/fedora-root   50G   39G   12G  78% /
tmpfs                    2.0G  4.0K  2.0G   1% /tmp
/dev/sda1                477M   97M  351M  22% /boot
/dev/mapper/fedora-home   58G   44G   15G  76% /home
tmpfs                    393M     0  393M   0% /run/user/0
/dev/md127               7.2T  3.5T  3.5T  50% /home/work
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