InfluxDB安装及使用
1 安装
1.1 Tar包安装
(1)获取tar包
wget https://dl.influxdata.com/influxdb/releases/influxdb-1.8.0_linux_amd64.tar.gz
(2)解压tar包
tar xvfz influxdb-1.8.0_linux_amd64.tar.gz
$ su - tigk
$ tar xvfz /opt/package/influxdb-1.8.0_linux_amd64.tar.gz -C /home/tigk/.local/
$ cd /home/tigk/.local
$ mv influxdb-1.8.0-1/ influxdb
(3)修改配置文件
可执行文件路径为:{influxdb目录}/usr/bin
安装InfluxDB之后,在/usr/bin下会有如下几个文件:
influxd influxdb服务器
influx influxdb命令行客户端
influx_inspect 查看工具
influx_stress 压力测试工具
influx_tsm 数据库转换工具(将数据库从b1或bz1格式转换为tsm1格式)
默认配置文件所在路径:{influxdb目录}/etc/influxdb/influxdb.conf
[tigk@fbi-local-02 .local]$ mkdir /data/tigk/influxdb/conf
[tigk@fbi-local-02 .local]$ cp /home/tigk/.local/influxdb/etc/influxdb/influxdb.conf /data/tigk/influxdb/conf/
[tigk@fbi-local-02 .local]$ cd /data/tigk/influxdb/conf/influxdb.conf
[tigk@fbi-local-02 influxdb]$ mkdir meta
[tigk@fbi-local-02 influxdb]$ mkdir data
[tigk@fbi-local-02 influxdb]$ mkdir wal
然后进行修改配置文件
(4)配置文件说明
# reporting-disabled = false # 该选项用于上报influxdb的使用信息给InfluxData公司,默认值为false
# bind-address = "127.0.0.1:8088" # 备份恢复时使用,默认值为8088
### [meta]
[meta]
dir = "/data/tigk/influxdb/meta" # meta数据存放目录
# retention-autocreate = true # 用于控制默认存储策略,数据库创建时,会自动生成autogen的存储策略,默认值:true
# logging-enabled = true # 是否开启meta日志,默认值:true
### [data]
[data]
dir = "/data/tigk/influxdb/data" # 最终数据(TSM文件)存储目录
wal-dir = "/data/tigk/influxdb/wal" # 预写日志存储目录
# wal-fsync-delay = "0s" #在同步写入之前等待的总时间,默认0s
# index-version = "inmem" #用于新碎片的切分索引的类型。
# trace-logging-enabled = false #跟踪日志记录在tsm引擎周围提供了更详细的输出
# query-log-enabled = true # 是否开启tsm引擎查询日志,默认值: true
# Valid size suffixes are k, m, or g (case insensitive, 1024 = 1k).
# cache-max-memory-size = "1g" # 用于限定shard最大值,大于该值时会拒绝写入,默认值:1000MB,单位:byte
# Valid size suffixes are k, m, or g (case insensitive, 1024 = 1k).
# cache-snapshot-memory-size = "25m" # 用于设置快照大小,大于该值时数据会刷新到tsm文件,默认值:25MB,单位:byte
# cache-snapshot-write-cold-duration = "10m" # tsm引擎 snapshot写盘延迟,默认值:10Minute
# compact-full-write-cold-duration = "4h" # tsm文件在压缩前可以存储的最大时间,默认值:4Hour
# max-concurrent-compactions = 0 #压缩并发的最大数量,默认设置为0表示runtime.GOMAXPROCS(0)*50% ,否则以设置的非零值为准
# Valid size suffixes are k, m, or g (case insensitive, 1024 = 1k).
# max-index-log-file-size = "1m" #限制索引日志文件大小
# max-series-per-database = 1000000 # 限制数据库的级数,该值为0时取消限制,默认值:1000000
# max-values-per-tag = 100000 # 一个tag最大的value数,0取消限制,默认值:100000
# tsm-use-madv-willneed = false #如果为true,mmap的建议值MADV_WILLNEED会被提供给内核
### [coordinator]
[coordinator]
# write-timeout = "10s" # 写操作超时时间,默认值: 10s
# max-concurrent-queries = 0 # 最大并发查询数,0无限制,默认值: 0
# query-timeout = "0s" # 查询操作超时时间,0无限制,默认值:0s
# log-queries-after = "0s" # 慢查询超时时间,0无限制,默认值:0s
# max-select-point = 0 # SELECT语句可以处理的最大点数(points),0无限制,默认值:0
# max-select-series = 0 # SELECT语句可以处理的最大级数(series),0无限制,默认值:0
# max-select-buckets = 0 # SELECT语句可以处理的最大"GROUP BY time()"的时间周期,0无限制,默认值:0
### [retention]
[retention]
# enabled = true # 是否启用该模块,默认值 : true
# check-interval = "30m" # 检查时间间隔,默认值 :"30m"
### [shard-precreation]
[shard-precreation]
# enabled = true # 是否启用该模块,默认值 : true
# check-interval = "10m" # 检查时间间隔,默认值 :"10m"
# advance-period = "30m" # 预创建分区的最大提前时间,默认值 :"30m"
[monitor]
# store-enabled = true # 是否启用该模块,默认值 :true
# store-database = "_internal" # 默认数据库:"_internal"
# store-interval = "10s" # 统计间隔,默认值:"10s"
### [http]
[http]
# enabled = true # 是否启用该模块,默认值 :true
# bind-address = ":8086" # 绑定地址,默认值 :":8086"
# auth-enabled = false # 是否开启认证,默认值:false
# realm = "InfluxDB" # 配置JWT realm,默认值: "InfluxDB"
# log-enabled = true # 是否开启日志,默认值:true
# suppress-write-log = false #在启用日志时是否抑制HTTP写请求日志
# access-log-path = "" #当启用HTTP请求日志时,该选项指定了路径。如influxd不能访问指定的路径,它将记录一个错误并将请求日志写入stderr
# write-tracing = false # 是否开启写操作日志,如果置成true,每一次写操作都会打日志,默认值:false
# pprof-enabled = true # 是否开启pprof,默认值:true
# debug-pprof-enabled = false # 是否开启pprof,默认值:true
# https-enabled = false # 是否开启https ,默认值 :false
# https-certificate = "/etc/ssl/influxdb.pem" # 设置https证书路径,默认值:"/etc/ssl/influxdb.pem"
# https-private-key = ""# 设置https私钥,无默认值
# shared-secret = "" # 用于JWT签名的共享密钥,无默认值
# max-row-limit = 0 # 配置查询返回最大行数,0无限制,默认值:0
# max-connection-limit = 0 # 配置最大连接数,0无限制,默认值:0
# unix-socket-enabled = false # 是否使用unix-socket,默认值:false
# bind-socket = "/var/run/influxdb.sock" # unix-socket路径,默认值:"/var/run/influxdb.sock"
# max-body-size = 25000000 #客户端请求主体的最大值,以字节为单位。0无限制,默认值0
# max-concurrent-write-limit = 0 #并发处理的最大写入次数,0无限制,默认值0
# max-enqueued-write-limit = 0 #排队等待处理的最大数量,0无限制,默认值0
# enqueued-write-timeout = 0 #在队列中等待处理的最长时间,0或者setting max-concurrent-write-limit=0无限制,默认值0
### [ifql]
[ifql]
# enabled = true# 是否启用该模块,默认值 :true
# log-enabled = true# 是否开启日志,默认值:true
# bind-address = ":8082" #ifql RPC服务使用的绑定地址默认是8082
### [logging]
[logging]
# format = "auto" #日志格式,默认是自动
# level = "info" #日志级别默认info
# suppress-logo = false #当程序启动时,会抑制打印出来的logo输出
### [subscriber]
[subscriber]
# enabled = true # 是否启用该模块,默认值 :true
# http-timeout = "30s" # http超时时间,默认值:"30s"
# insecure-skip-verify = false # 是否允许不安全的证书
# ca-certs = "" # 设置CA证书
# write-concurrency = 40 #设置并发数目,默认值:40
# write-buffer-size = 1000 # 设置buffer大小,默认值:1000
### [[graphite]]
[[graphite]]
# enabled = false# 是否启用该模块,默认值 :false
# database = "graphite"# 数据库名称,默认值:"graphite"
# retention-policy = "" # 存储策略,无默认值
# bind-address = ":2003"# 绑定地址,默认值:":2003"
# protocol = "tcp"# 协议,默认值:"tcp"
# consistency-level = "one" # 一致性级别,默认值:"one
# batch-size = 5000 # 批量size,默认值:5000
# batch-pending = 10# 配置在内存中等待的batch数,默认值:10
# batch-timeout = "1s" # 超时时间,默认值:"1s"
# udp-read-buffer = 0# udp读取buffer的大小,0表示使用操作系统提供的值,如果超过操作系统的默认配置则会出错。 该配置的默认值:0
# separator = "." # 多个measurement间的连接符,默认值: "."
# tags = ["region=us-east", "zone=1c"] #将被添加到所有指标的默认标签。这些可以在模板级别上覆盖或者从指标中提取的标签
# templates = [
# "*.app env.service.resource.measurement",
# # Default template
# "server.*",
# ]
### [collectd]
[[collectd]]
# enabled = false# 是否启用该模块,默认值 :false
# bind-address = ":25826" # 绑定地址,默认值: ":25826"
# database = "collectd"# 数据库名称,默认值:"collectd"
# retention-policy = "" # 存储策略,无默认值
# typesdb = "/usr/local/share/collectd" # 路径,默认值:"/usr/share/collectd/types.db"
# security-level = "none" #安全级别
# auth-file = "/etc/collectd/auth_file"
# batch-size = 5000 #从缓存中批量获取数据的量,默认值:5000
# batch-pending = 10 #可能在内存中等待的批次的数量,默认值:10
# batch-timeout = "10s" #即使没有达到缓冲区的限制,至少要刷新一下,默认值:"10s"
# read-buffer = 0 #udp读取buffer的大小,0表示使用操作系统提供的值,如果超过操作系统的默认配置则会出错。默认值:0
# parse-multivalue-plugin = "split" #两种处理方式split和join,split会分到不同的表中,join会将记录作为一个单独的记录处理。默认是split
### [opentsdb]
[[opentsdb]]
# enabled = false# 是否启用该模块,默认值 :false
# bind-address = ":4242"# 绑定地址,默认值:":4242"
# database = "opentsdb" # 默认数据库:"opentsdb"
# retention-policy = ""# 存储策略,无默认值
# consistency-level = "one" # 一致性级别,默认值:"one"
# tls-enabled = false # 是否开启tls,默认值:false
# certificate= "/etc/ssl/influxdb.pem" # 证书路径,默认值:"/etc/ssl/influxdb.pem"
# log-point-errors = true# 出错时是否记录日志,默认值:true
# batch-size = 1000 #从缓存中批量获取数据的量,默认值:1000
# batch-pending = 5 #可能在内存中等待的批次的数量,默认值:5
# batch-timeout = "1s" #即使没有达到缓冲区的限制,至少要刷新一下,默认值:"1s"
### [[udp]]
[[udp]]
# enabled = false# 是否启用该模块,默认值 :false
# bind-address = ":8089" # 绑定地址,默认值:":8089"
# database = "udp"# 数据库名称,默认值:"udp"
# retention-policy = "" # 存储策略,无默认值
# precision = "" #接收点的时间点的精度("" or "n", "u", "ms", "s", "m", "h")
# batch-size = 5000#从缓存中批量获取数据的量,默认值:5000
# batch-pending = 10 #可能在内存中等待的批次的数量,默认值:10
# batch-timeout = "1s" #即使没有达到缓冲区的限制,至少要刷新一下,默认值:"1s"
# read-buffer = 0# udp读取buffer的大小,0表示使用操作系统提供的值,如果超过操作系统的默认配置则会出错。 该配置的默认值:0
### [continuous_queries]
[continuous_queries]
# enabled = true# 是否启用该模块,默认值 :true
# log-enabled = true# 是否开启日志,默认值:true
# query-stats-enabled = false #控制查询是否被记录到自我监控数据存储中
# run-interval = "1s" # 时间间隔,默认值:"1s"
### [tls]
[tls]
# ciphers = [
# "TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305",
# "TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256",
# ]
# min-version = "tls1.2"
# max-version = "tls1.2"
(5)启动
cd {influxdb目录}
$ cd /home/tigk/.local/influxdb/usr/bin/
$ ./influxd -config /data/tigk/influxdb/conf/influxdb.conf
(6)启动失败
$ netstat -tunlp|grep 8086
(No info could be read for "-p": geteuid()=1005 but you should be root.)
tcp 0 0 10.0.165.2:8086 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN -
修改端口 bind-address = “:8085”
(7)后台启动服务
$ nohup ./influxd -config /data/tigk/influxdb/conf/influxdb.conf &
(8)启动influxdb控制台,第一次启动会较慢,耐心等待
$ ./influx -port 8085
Connected to http://localhost:8085 version 1.8.0
InfluxDB shell version: 1.8.0
>
(9)创建一个tigk用户,作为管理用户
> create user "tigk" with password 'tigk' with all privileges
> show users
user admin
---- -----
tigk true
2 使用
2.1 常用命令
(1)命令展示influx –help
$ ./influx –help
unknown arguments: –help
Usage of influx:
-version
Display the version and exit.
-path-prefix 'url path'
Path that follows the host and port
-host 'host name'
Host to connect to.
-port 'port #'
Port to connect to.
-socket 'unix domain socket'
Unix socket to connect to.
-database 'database name'
Database to connect to the server.
-password 'password'
Password to connect to the server. Leaving blank will prompt for password (--password '').
-username 'username'
Username to connect to the server.
-ssl
Use https for requests.
-unsafeSsl
Set this when connecting to the cluster using https and not use SSL verification.
-execute 'command'
Execute command and quit.
-type 'influxql|flux'
Type specifies the query language for executing commands or when invoking the REPL.
-format 'json|csv|column'
Format specifies the format of the server responses: json, csv, or column.
-precision 'rfc3339|h|m|s|ms|u|ns'
Precision specifies the format of the timestamp: rfc3339, h, m, s, ms, u or ns.
-consistency 'any|one|quorum|all'
Set write consistency level: any, one, quorum, or all
-pretty
Turns on pretty print for the json format.
-import
Import a previous database export from file
-pps
How many points per second the import will allow. By default it is zero and will not throttle importing.
-path
Path to file to import
-compressed
Set to true if the import file is compressed
Examples:
# Use influx in a non-interactive mode to query the database "metrics" and pretty print json:
$ influx -database 'metrics' -execute 'select * from cpu' -format 'json' -pretty
# Connect to a specific database on startup and set database context:
$ influx -database 'metrics' -host 'localhost' -port '8086'
(2)Influx命令使用
Influx是连接influxdb的一个CLI程序,在本地成功安装influxdb后,influxdb启动,influx命令就可以直接使用。Influxdb默认在8086端口运行。Influx cli默认使用localhost:8086连接。可以使用-host和-port选项,连接到其他机器或者端口。
$ ./influx -port 8085
Connected to http://localhost:8085 version 1.8.0
InfluxDB shell version: 1.8.0
>
(3)Influx-sql使用举例
Influx命令连接数据库后,可以使用类sql语句查询数据
命令 | 解释 |
---|---|
CREATE DATABASE database_name | 建立数据库 |
SHOW DATABASES | 查询所有数据库 |
USE database_name | 使用database_name 库 |
INSERT cpu,host=host_name,region=cn value=66 | 插数据入cpu measurement,标签host=host_name,region=cn, field是value=66 |
SELECT “host”, “region”, “value” FROM “cpu” | 从cpu measurement查询数据 |
SELECT * FROM “cpu” | 从cpu measurement查询所有数据 |
(4)Influxdb的数据格式
Influxdb是一个时序数据库,其保存metric的在某一系列时间点的状态。这些点状态包含时间戳,一个所谓的“measurement”名称,至少一个称为filed的键值对,以及0到多个标签(如 host=bigdata01)。
在influxdb中可以把measurement看为关系数据库中的table,tag和field是其中的列。其中Tag都加了索引、field不加。和关系数据库不同的是,不用预先定义schema,没有value的点不会被保存。其格式如下:
<measurement>[,<tag-key>=<tag-value>...] <field-key>=<field-value>[,<field2-key>=<field2-value>...] [unix-nano-timestamp]
举例:
cpu,host=bigdata01,region=cn value=66
payment,device=mobile,product=Notepad,method=credit billed=88,licenses=2i 1434067469156329323
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