Docker 1：Docker 的版本选择及安装（apt/yum）

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学渣角鹿白

8333人浏览 · 2021-02-22 11:02:13

学渣角鹿白 · 2021-02-22 11:02:13 发布

一：Docker 安装

Docker 官方网站：https://www.docker.com/

系统版本选择：

Docker 目前已经支持多种操作系统的安装运行，比如 Ubuntu、CentOS、Redhat、Debian、Fedora，甚至是还支持了 Mac 和 Windows；
在 Linux 系统上需要内核版本在 3.10 及以上；

，本次演示的操作系统使用Centos 7.5为例。

Docker 版本选择：

Docker 版本号之前一直是 0.X 版本或 1.X 版本，但是从 2017 年 3 月 1 号开始，改为每个季度发布一次稳定版，其版本号规则也统一变更为 YY.MM，例如 17.09 表示是 2017年9月份发布的；

Github 上的 Docker 项目已更名为 moby（https://github.com/moby/moby）；
Moby 项目属于 Docker 项目的全新上游，Docker 将是一个隶属于 Moby 的子产品，而且之后的版本开始区分为 CE （社区版本）和 EE（企业收费版）；
CE 社区版本和 EE 企业版本都是每个季度发布一个新版本，但是 EE 版本提供后期安全维护 1 年，而 CE 版本则是 4 个月；（官方关于 CE 和 EE 版本维护期的说明：https://blog.docker.com/2017/03/docker-enterprise-edition/

Docker CE and EE are released quarterly, and CE also has a monthly “Edge” option. Each Docker EE release is supported and maintained for one year and receives security and critical bugfixes during that period. We are also improving Docker CE maintainability by maintaining each quarterly CE release for 4 months. That gets Docker CE users a new 1-month window to update from one version to the next.

1.1：yum 安装

使用阿里云的 yum 仓库安装 docker-ce：https://developer.aliyun.com/mirror/docker-ce?spm=a2c6h.13651102.0.0.3e221b11u8hBu0

1.1.1：安装必要的系统工具

[root@docker ~]# yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2

1.1.2：添加 yum 源

添加软件源信息：

[root@docker ~]# yum-config-manager --add-repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

更新 yum 缓存：

[root@docker ~]# yum makecache fast

1.1.3：查找 Docker-CE 的版本

[root@docker ~]# yum list docker-ce.x86_64 --showduplicates | sort -r
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
docker-ce.x86_64            3:20.10.2-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:20.10.1-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:20.10.0-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:19.03.9-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:19.03.8-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:19.03.7-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:19.03.6-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:19.03.5-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:19.03.4-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:19.03.3-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:19.03.2-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:19.03.14-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:19.03.1-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:19.03.13-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:19.03.12-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:19.03.11-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:19.03.10-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:19.03.0-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:18.09.9-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:18.09.8-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:18.09.7-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:18.09.6-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:18.09.5-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:18.09.4-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:18.09.3-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:18.09.2-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:18.09.1-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            3:18.09.0-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            18.06.3.ce-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            18.06.2.ce-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            18.06.1.ce-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            18.06.0.ce-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            18.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos             docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            18.03.0.ce-1.el7.centos             docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            17.12.1.ce-1.el7.centos             docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            17.12.0.ce-1.el7.centos             docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            17.09.1.ce-1.el7.centos             docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            17.09.0.ce-1.el7.centos             docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            17.06.2.ce-1.el7.centos             docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            17.06.1.ce-1.el7.centos             docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            17.06.0.ce-1.el7.centos             docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            17.03.3.ce-1.el7                    docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            17.03.2.ce-1.el7.centos             docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            17.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos             docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            17.03.0.ce-1.el7.centos             docker-ce-stable

1.1.4：安装指定版本的 Docker-CE

默认安装的是最新版本；

安装 18.09.9-3.el7 版本：

安装同版本的 docker-ce 和 docker-ce-cli；

[root@docker ~]# yum -y install docker-ce-18.09.9-3.el7 docker-ce-cli-18.09.9-3.el7

1.1.5：启动 Docker

[root@docker ~]# systemctl start docker
[root@docker ~]# systemctl enable docker
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/docker.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service.

1.1.6：验证安装和启动

验证 Docker 版本

[root@docker ~]# docker version
Client:
 Version:           18.09.9
 API version:       1.39
 Go version:        go1.11.13
 Git commit:        039a7df9ba
 Built:             Wed Sep  4 16:51:21 2019
 OS/Arch:           linux/amd64
 Experimental:      false

Server: Docker Engine - Community
 Engine:
  Version:          18.09.9
  API version:      1.39 (minimum version 1.12)
  Go version:       go1.11.13
  Git commit:       039a7df
  Built:            Wed Sep  4 16:22:32 2019
  OS/Arch:          linux/amd64
  Experimental:     false

查看 docker0 网卡

[root@docker ~]# ifconfig docker0
docker0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 172.17.0.1  netmask 255.255.0.0  broadcast 172.17.255.255
        ether 02:42:c5:a5:96:59  txqueuelen 0  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

查看 Docker 信息

[root@docker ~]# docker info
Containers: 0
 Running: 0
 Paused: 0
 Stopped: 0
Images: 0
Server Version: 18.09.9
Storage Driver: devicemapper
 Pool Name: docker-253:0-101254227-pool
 Pool Blocksize: 65.54kB
 Base Device Size: 10.74GB
 Backing Filesystem: xfs
 Udev Sync Supported: true
 Data file: /dev/loop0
 Metadata file: /dev/loop1
 Data loop file: /var/lib/docker/devicemapper/devicemapper/data
 Metadata loop file: /var/lib/docker/devicemapper/devicemapper/metadata
 Data Space Used: 11.8MB
 Data Space Total: 107.4GB
 Data Space Available: 17.17GB
 Metadata Space Used: 581.6kB
 Metadata Space Total: 2.147GB
 Metadata Space Available: 2.147GB
 Thin Pool Minimum Free Space: 10.74GB
 Deferred Removal Enabled: true
 Deferred Deletion Enabled: true
 Deferred Deleted Device Count: 0
 Library Version: 1.02.170-RHEL7 (2020-03-24)
Logging Driver: json-file
Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs
Plugins:
 Volume: local
 Network: bridge host macvlan null overlay
 Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog
Swarm: inactive
Runtimes: runc
Default Runtime: runc
Init Binary: docker-init
containerd version: 269548fa27e0089a8b8278fc4fc781d7f65a939b
runc version: ff819c7e9184c13b7c2607fe6c30ae19403a7aff
init version: fec3683
Security Options:
 seccomp
  Profile: default
Kernel Version: 3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64
Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
OSType: linux
Architecture: x86_64
CPUs: 1
Total Memory: 977.9MiB
Name: docker
ID: KO75:J2WN:4UQE:XHFV:VNHA:Q2NC:BGJC:5IRF:L3JO:6FQ2:ELX6:XSKF
Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
Debug Mode (client): false
Debug Mode (server): false
Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
Labels:
Experimental: false
Insecure Registries:
 127.0.0.0/8
Live Restore Enabled: false
Product License: Community Engine

WARNING: bridge-nf-call-iptables is disabled
WARNING: bridge-nf-call-ip6tables is disabled
WARNING: the devicemapper storage-driver is deprecated, and will be removed in a future release.
WARNING: devicemapper: usage of loopback devices is strongly discouraged for production use.
         Use `--storage-opt dm.thinpooldev` to specify a custom block storage device.

1.2：apt 安装

1.2.1：安装必要的系统工具

yqc@ubuntu:~$ sudo apt-get update
yqc@ubuntu:~$ sudo apt-get -y install apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl software-properties-common

1.2.2：安装 GPG 证书

yqc@ubuntu:~$ curl -fsSL https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -
OK

1.2.3：添加 apt 源

写入软件源信息：

yqc@ubuntu:~$ sudo add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable"

更新 apt：

yqc@ubuntu:~$ sudo apt-get -y update

1.2.4：查找 Docker-CE 的版本

yqc@ubuntu:~$ apt-cache madison docker-ce
 docker-ce | 5:20.10.2~3-0~ubuntu-bionic | https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 5:20.10.1~3-0~ubuntu-bionic | https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 5:20.10.0~3-0~ubuntu-bionic | https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 5:19.03.14~3-0~ubuntu-bionic | https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 5:19.03.13~3-0~ubuntu-bionic | https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 5:19.03.12~3-0~ubuntu-bionic | https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 5:19.03.11~3-0~ubuntu-bionic | https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 5:19.03.10~3-0~ubuntu-bionic | https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 5:19.03.9~3-0~ubuntu-bionic | https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 5:19.03.8~3-0~ubuntu-bionic | https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 5:19.03.7~3-0~ubuntu-bionic | https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 5:19.03.6~3-0~ubuntu-bionic | https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 5:19.03.5~3-0~ubuntu-bionic | https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 5:19.03.4~3-0~ubuntu-bionic | https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 5:19.03.3~3-0~ubuntu-bionic | https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 5:19.03.2~3-0~ubuntu-bionic | https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 5:19.03.1~3-0~ubuntu-bionic | https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 5:19.03.0~3-0~ubuntu-bionic | https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 5:18.09.9~3-0~ubuntu-bionic | https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 5:18.09.8~3-0~ubuntu-bionic | https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 5:18.09.7~3-0~ubuntu-bionic | https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 5:18.09.6~3-0~ubuntu-bionic | https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 5:18.09.5~3-0~ubuntu-bionic | https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 5:18.09.4~3-0~ubuntu-bionic | https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 5:18.09.3~3-0~ubuntu-bionic | https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 5:18.09.2~3-0~ubuntu-bionic | https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 5:18.09.1~3-0~ubuntu-bionic | https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 5:18.09.0~3-0~ubuntu-bionic | https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 18.06.3~ce~3-0~ubuntu | https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 18.06.2~ce~3-0~ubuntu | https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 18.06.1~ce~3-0~ubuntu | https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 18.06.0~ce~3-0~ubuntu | https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 18.03.1~ce~3-0~ubuntu | https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 Packages

1.2.5：安装指定版本的 Docker-CE

安装 18.09.9_3-0ubuntu-bionic 版本：

安装相同版本的 docker-ce 和 docker-ce-cli；

yqc@ubuntu:~$ sudo apt-get -y install docker-ce=5:18.09.9~3-0~ubuntu-bionic docker-ce-cli=5:18.09.9~3-0~ubuntu-bionic

1.2.6：启动 Docker

yqc@ubuntu:~$ sudo systemctl start docker
yqc@ubuntu:~$ sudo systemctl enable docker  
Synchronizing state of docker.service with SysV service script with /lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install.
Executing: /lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install enable docker

1.2.7：验证安装和启动

验证 Docker 版本

yqc@ubuntu:~$ sudo docker version
Client:
 Version:           18.09.9
 API version:       1.39
 Go version:        go1.11.13
 Git commit:        039a7df9ba
 Built:             Wed Sep  4 16:57:28 2019
 OS/Arch:           linux/amd64
 Experimental:      false

Server: Docker Engine - Community
 Engine:
  Version:          18.09.9
  API version:      1.39 (minimum version 1.12)
  Go version:       go1.11.13
  Git commit:       039a7df
  Built:            Wed Sep  4 16:19:38 2019
  OS/Arch:          linux/amd64
  Experimental:     false

查看 docker0 网卡

yqc@ubuntu:~$ ifconfig docker0
docker0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 172.17.0.1  netmask 255.255.0.0  broadcast 172.17.255.255
        ether 02:42:57:41:d2:da  txqueuelen 0  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

查看 Docker 信息

yqc@ubuntu:~$ sudo docker info
Containers: 0
 Running: 0
 Paused: 0
 Stopped: 0
Images: 0
Server Version: 18.09.9
Storage Driver: overlay2
 Backing Filesystem: extfs
 Supports d_type: true
 Native Overlay Diff: true
Logging Driver: json-file
Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs
Plugins:
 Volume: local
 Network: bridge host macvlan null overlay
 Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog
Swarm: inactive
Runtimes: runc
Default Runtime: runc
Init Binary: docker-init
containerd version: 269548fa27e0089a8b8278fc4fc781d7f65a939b
runc version: ff819c7e9184c13b7c2607fe6c30ae19403a7aff
init version: fec3683
Security Options:
 apparmor
 seccomp
  Profile: default
Kernel Version: 4.15.0-55-generic
Operating System: Ubuntu 18.04.3 LTS
OSType: linux
Architecture: x86_64
CPUs: 1
Total Memory: 962MiB
Name: ubuntu
ID: RH6M:SEJP:FDPY:WMZC:DRJJ:GHMZ:RR3Y:ROC3:VLFN:FPTA:RPOX:4BNQ
Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
Debug Mode (client): false
Debug Mode (server): false
Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
Labels:
Experimental: false
Insecure Registries:
 127.0.0.0/8
Live Restore Enabled: false
Product License: Community Engine

WARNING: No swap limit support

解决“不支持 swap 限制” 的警告

最后有警告信息：WARNING: No swap limit support；

解决“不支持 swap 限制” 的警告：

yqc@ubuntu:~$ sudo vim /etc/default/grub
GRUB_DEFAULT=0
GRUB_TIMEOUT_STYLE=hidden
GRUB_TIMEOUT=2
GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=`lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian`
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=""
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0 cgroup_enable=memory swapaccount=1"

yqc@ubuntu:~$ sudo update-grub
Sourcing file `/etc/default/grub'
Generating grub configuration file ...
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.15.0-55-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.15.0-55-generic
done

启动参数中加入 cgroup_enable=memory swapaccount=1；

apt_install_docker.sh

#!/bin/bash
# apt install docker.
sudo apt-get update;
sudo apt-get -y install apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl software-properties-common;
curl -fsSL https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -;
sudo add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable";
sudo apt-get -y update;
sudo apt-get -y install docker-ce=5:18.09.9~3-0~ubuntu-bionic docker-ce-cli=5:18.09.9~3-0~ubuntu-bionic;

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