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一、gedit

vim的操作令人着急，而且没有全选的快捷操作，菜单栏的全选也只是选择当前页的内容并非全部文本，也不能用shift+方向键自由复制。

那就用gedit。
还能显示行号（nice），突出显示当前行，自定义制表符宽度。

1.界面设置

启动gedit

gedit

然后点击Edit->Preferences设置界面。

2.打开文件

gedit main.cpp

保存：CTRL+S
退出：CTRL+W
等等常见的方式。

二、vim

vim是vi的加强版(多了个字体颜色)，现在主要使用vim
这两个的命令功能是一样的。你打vi victor.txt和vim victor.txt是一样，等等都一样。

Mode:

• Normal Mode:
  • <ESC>
• Insert Mode:
  • i(insert at the cursor),
  • a(append below the cursor), e.g.e+a(word),$+a(line).
  • A(append the cursor line),
  • o(add a new line below the cursor line and switch into insert mode),
  • O(likewise, above the cursor line)
  • R(replace character by character. you can move the cursor by arrow keys, and use Backspace to return the original character)

move the cursor

• Any Mode:
  • arrow keys.
• Normal Mode:
  • hl(left and right), jk(down and up).3j, 3k, 3h, 3l
  • gg(the start of file)
  • G(the last line of file)
  • 20G(the 20th line of file)
  • ctrl-g(show the location of lines)
  • 50%(the half of the file)
  • ctrl-u(scroll upward half a window)
  • ctrl-d(scroll downward half a window)
  • zz(scroll to make the cursor line in the vertical center of window), zt(the top of window), zb(the bottom of window)

Motion:

• w(the start of next the word).2w(2 words forward).2w
• b(if the cursor is not at the start the word, then move to the start of this word. else previous word). - 2b
• e(if the cursor is not at the end the word, then move to the end of this word. else next word).2e
• 0(the start of the cursor line)
• ^(the first non-blank character of the cursor line)
• $(the end of the cursor line). 2$(the end of next cursor line)

Insert Mode: mouse.(if in the Normal Mode, two ways just move up and down)

delete

delete the charater

• Any Mode:

  • Delete(at the cursor).

• Normal Mode:

  • x(delete the character at the cursor)`.

  • J(delete the cursor line break光标出所在行的换行符, join together this line and next line with a space)

  • d(delete)+Motion:

    • dw(delete the characters between at the cursor and before the w), d2w
    • db(delete the characters between at the ‘e’ and before the cursor), d2b
    • de(delete the characters between at the cursor and at the ‘e’), d2e
    • d0(delete the characters before the cursor)
    • d$(delete the characters at and below the cursor, and keep the line if the line is empty), or D.
    • dd(delete the line), 2dd

  • c(delete and switch into insert mode)+Motion:

    • cw, ce, c0, c$, cc

• Insert Mode: Backspace(before the cursor)

undo

• Normal Mode:
  • u(back to last change), U(back to original in the whole line, but this is considered a change). a insert mode whatever you type is considered a change.
  • ctrl-r(to the newer change)
  • :e!(restore to last saved file, :w is considered.)

select

• v(select the highlighte text and the character at the cursor), (o move to the other end). e.g.1.then d(delete the selected text), e.g.2.then :wFILENAME(save the selected text as a file).
• ctrl-v(select a rectangular block)

copy

• v+y(copy the select)
• yw(copy the word), likewise using Motion
• yy(copy the cursor line)

paste

• p(paste previously deleted text below the cursor, if dd paste that line under this line)(or paste the y ), P(before the cursor)
• :r(retrieve), :r FILENAME(paste the content of FILENAME below the cursor line), :r !ls(paste the contend of command ls)

search

单个字符：

• fa(find forward the character a in the cursor line.). 3fa
• Fa(find backward). 3Fa
• *(grab the cursor word, search next),#(likewise, search last)

短语：

• /PHRASE(search PHRASE in the file), nnext phrase, Nprevious phrase, /<Up><Down>search history, /o<Up>complement certain history,

  • :set ic(ignor case), set noic(disable ignoring case), or /PHRASE\c(ignore case).
  • :set hls(highlight search all phrase), :set nohls(disable).
  • /\<the(word starts with ‘the’)
  • /the\>(word ends with ‘the’)
  • /^the(beginning of a line)
  • /the$(end of a line)
  • /the*(the+other)
  • /t.e(any single character)

• :s/OLD/NEW(replace OLD to NEW, the first OLD in the line).g(globally, means that multi), c(choice, means that question), %(in the whole file), 1,3(the line numbers of the range).e.g.:1,3s/OLD/NEW/g, :%s/OLD/NEW/gc

external command

• :!COMMAND(execute the bash command, e.g.ls)

window

• :split(split a window)
• ctrl-w ctrl-w(jump from one window to another)
• :q(exit window if no changes)
• :q!(exit window and discard changes)
• :qa(exit all window)

save file

• :w(save changes)
• :w FILENAME(save as a another file)
• :wq(save and exit)
• ZZ(save and exit)

configuration file

• :scriptnames(show file sequence list)

I edit the file /etc/vim/vimrc.local in root privilege.

other

• match bracket
  %(move the cursor to the other matching bracket)

• show line number
  :set number, :set nonumber

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参考：
编辑器-vi、vim的使用
man vim