Linux-4.9.2内核在mini2440上的移植(三)——编译环境测试
本篇目标:获取linux-4.9.2源码,在服务器上编译,并通过tftp在开发板中试运行。
3.1 linux-4.9.2源码获取
为什么选择4.9.2移植呢?
因为太新的linux源码yaffs文件系统跟不上,编译过程会导致大量错误无法使用,所以选择比较新的源码就可以了。具体的说明到移植yaffs文件系统时再说。
我们的工作目录定在/root下面,进入到目录
root@ubuntu:/home/ubuntu# cd /root
(1)下载linux4.9.2源码
root@ubuntu:~# wget https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v4.x/linux-4.9.2.tar.gz
(2)解压源码
root@ubuntu:~ # tar -zxvf linux-4.9.2.tar.gz
(3)修改环境变量
root@ubuntu:~# cd linux-4.9.2/
root@ubuntu:~/linux-4.9.2# vim Makefile
定位到255行,原来的内容是
ARCH ?= $(SUBARCH)
CROSS_COMPILE ?= $(CONFIG_CROSS_COMPILE:"%"=%)
如果是使用ubuntu指令安装的arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc就改为
ARCH ?= arm
CROSS_COMPILE ?= arm-linux-gnueabihf-
手动安装的arm-linux-gcc 4.4.3就改为
ARCH ?= arm
CROSS_COMPILE ?= arm-linux-
保存退出ESC :wq
3.2编译测试
设置目标板型号
root@ubuntu:~/linux-4.9.2# make mini2440_defconfig
这时会提示:
The program 'make' can befound in the following packages:
* make
* make-guile
Try: apt install<selected package>
原因:没有安装make工具,安装一下
root@ubuntu:~/linux-4.9.2#apt install make
再重试,又出错
root@ubuntu:~/linux-4.9.2#make mini2440_defconfig
HOSTCC scripts/basic/fixdep
/bin/sh: 1: gcc: not found
scripts/Makefile.host:107:recipe for target 'scripts/basic/fixdep' failed
make[1]: ***[scripts/basic/fixdep] Error 127
Makefile:448: recipe fortarget 'scripts_basic' failed
make: *** [scripts_basic]Error 2
原因:缺少32位的库
解决方法:安装libncurses5等关键库
root@ubuntu:~/linux-4.9.2#apt install libncurses5-dev
root@ubuntu:~/linux-4.9.2# apt-get install libx11-dev:i386 libreadline6-dev:i386
root@ubuntu:~/linux-4.9.2#apt-get install build-essential
root@ubuntu:~/linux-4.9.2# apt-get install lib32stdc++6
root@ubuntu:~/linux-4.9.2# apt-get install lib32z1
再次运行
root@ubuntu:~/linux-4.9.2# make mini2440_defconfig
HOSTCC scripts/basic/fixdep
HOSTCC scripts/kconfig/conf.o
SHIPPED scripts/kconfig/zconf.tab.c
SHIPPED scripts/kconfig/zconf.lex.c
SHIPPED scripts/kconfig/zconf.hash.c
HOSTCC scripts/kconfig/zconf.tab.o
HOSTLD scripts/kconfig/conf
#
# configuration written to.config
#
OK,可以了,开始编译测试,这里使用-j8表示使用8个线程进行编译,可以大幅加快编译的速度,-j后面的数值可以根据你的虚拟机设置的实际情况进行选择,一般等于虚拟机的cpu核心数即可,我的虚拟机设置了8个CPU核心,所以-j8
root@ubuntu:~/linux-4.9.2# make -j8
又报错
/bin/sh: 1: bc: not found
Kbuild:67: recipe fortarget 'include/generated/timeconst.h' failed
解决方法:安装bc
root@ubuntu:~/linux-4.9.2#apt install bc
再次编译,可以运行
可以看到编译过程中CPU已经满载
3.3 为uImage创建脚本
查看zImage生成情况
root@ubuntu:~/linux-4.9.2# cd arch/arm/boot/
root@ubuntu:~/linux-4.9.2/arch/arm/boot# ls
bootp compressed dts Image install.sh Makefile zImage
可以看到,生成了zImage
我们的平台使用uboot作为BootLoader,所以需要转换为uImage使用。
(1)先安装u-boot转换uimage工具
root@ubuntu:~/linux-4.9.2/arch/arm/boot# apt-get install u-boot-tools
(2)再到Linux源码根目录
root@ubuntu:~/linux-4.9.2/arch/arm/boot# cd ../../..
(3)创建脚本
root@ubuntu:~/linux-4.9.2 # vim mkuImage.sh
(4)粘贴如下内容
mkimage -A arm -O linux -Tkernel -C none -a 0x30008000 -e 0x30008040 -n mini2440 -d /root/linux-4.9.2/arch/arm/boot/zImage /root/tftp/uImage
(5)赋予可执行权限
root@ubuntu:~/linux-4.9.2# chmod a+x mkuImage.sh
(6)运行
root@ubuntu:~/linux-4.9.2# ./mkuImage.sh
(7)查看,确认脚本有效
root@ubuntu:~/linux-4.9.2# ls /root/tftp/
uImage
可以看到,tftp文件夹下面已经存在了一个uImage
3.4运行测试
在本系统中,使用了uboot引导,所以要先将uboot烧写进入到nand flash中,然后打开secureCRT,设置好串口。
将开发板上电,按空格进入到uboot控制台,查看一下环境变量
[U-boot@mini2440A]#printenv
bootdelay=1
baudrate=115200
ethaddr=08:00:3e:26:0a:5b
gatewayip=192.168.1.1
netmask=255.255.255.0
xujun=bmp d 70000
stdin=serial
ethact=dm9000
ipaddr=192.168.2.188
serverip=192.168.2.123
bootcmd=tftp 0x30008000uImage;bootm 0x30008000
bootargs=console=ttySAC0,115200n8root=/dev/nfs nfsroot=192.168.2.123:/home/ubuntu/NFS/myrootfs/rootfsip=192.168.2.188:192.168.2.123:192.168.2.1:255.255.255.0:SMDK2440A.arm9.net:eth0:offinit=/linuxrc
stdin=serial
stdout=serial
stderr=serial
Environment size:479/131068 bytes
我们的目的是上电之后,uboot直接从tftp文件夹内读取uImage,并启动内核,所以需要配置以下几点
1、设置开发板的ip(根据你的路由网段设置)
[U-boot@mini2440A]# setenv ipaddr 192.168.2.188
2、设置服务器的ip(根据实际ip设置)
[U-boot@mini2440A]# setenv serverip 192.168.2.104
3、设置uboot,tftp加载内核(tftp 是你的tftp文件夹名字)
[U-boot@mini2440A]# setenv bootcmd 'tftp 0x30008000 uImage;bootm 0x30008000'
4、保存参数
[U-boot@mini2440A]# saveenv
Saving Environment toNAND...
Erasing Nand...
Erasing at 0x4000000000002-- 0% complete.
Writing to Nand... done
启动测试
[U-boot@mini2440A]# boot
dm9000 i/o: 0x20000300, id:0x90000a46
DM9000: running in 16 bitmode
MAC: 08:00:3e:26:0a:5b
could not establish link
Using dm9000 device
TFTP from server192.168.2.104; our IP address is 192.168.2.188
Filename 'uImage'.
Load address: 0x30008000
Loading: #################################################################
#################################################################
#################################################################
##########
done
Bytes transferred = 3006872(2de198 hex)
## Booting kernel fromLegacy Image at 30008000 ...
Image Name: mini2440
Created: 2017-09-27 7:06:46 UTC
Image Type: ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)
Data Size: 3006808 Bytes = 2.9 MB
Load Address: 30008000
Entry Point: 30008040
Verifying Checksum ... OK
XIP Kernel Image ... OK
OK
Starting kernel ...
Booting Linux on physicalCPU 0x0
Linux version 4.9.2(root@ubuntu) (gcc version 6.3.0 20170406 (Ubuntu/Linaro 6.3.0-12ubuntu2) ) #1Tue Sep 26 23:51:32 PDT 2017
CPU: ARM920T [41129200]revision 0 (ARMv4T), cr=c000717f
CPU: VIVT data cache, VIVTinstruction cache
Machine: MINI2440
Memory policy: Data cachewriteback
CPU S3C2440A (id0x32440001)
Built 1 zonelists in Zoneorder, mobility grouping on. Totalpages: 16256
Kernel command line:console=ttySAC0,115200n8 root=/dev/nfsnfsroot=192.168.2.123:/home/ubuntu/NFS/myrootfs/rootfsip=192.168.2.188:192.168.2.123:192.168.2.1:255.255.255.0:SMDK2440A.arm9.net:eth0:offinit=/linuxrc
PID hash table entries: 256(order: -2, 1024 bytes)
Dentry cache hash tableentries: 8192 (order: 3, 32768 bytes)
Inode-cache hash tableentries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
Memory: 58868K/65536Kavailable (4309K kernel code, 180K rwdata, 976K rodata, 176K init, 258K bss,6668K reserved, 0K cma-reserved)
Virtual kernel memorylayout:
vector : 0xffff0000 - 0xffff1000 ( 4 kB)
fixmap : 0xffc00000 - 0xfff00000 (3072kB)
vmalloc : 0xc4800000 - 0xff800000 ( 944 MB)
lowmem : 0xc0000000 - 0xc4000000 ( 64 MB)
modules : 0xbf000000 - 0xc0000000 ( 16MB)
.text : 0xc0008000 - 0xc043d660 (4310 kB)
.init : 0xc0552000 - 0xc057e000 ( 176 kB)
.data : 0xc057e000 - 0xc05ab320 ( 181 kB)
.bss : 0xc05ab320 - 0xc05ebf00 ( 259 kB)
SLUB: HWalign=32,Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=1, Nodes=1
NR_IRQS:103
S3C2440: IRQ Support
irq: clearing pendingstatus 00000003
irq: clearing pendingstatus 00000002
sched_clock: 16 bits at1012kHz, resolution 987ns, wraps every 32362962ns
clocksource:samsung_clocksource_timer: mask: 0xffff max_cycles: 0xffff, max_idle_ns:28803037 ns
Console: colour dummydevice 80x30
Calibrating delay loop...201.52 BogoMIPS (lpj=503808)
pid_max: default: 32768minimum: 301
Mount-cache hash tableentries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
Mountpoint-cache hash tableentries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
CPU: Testing write buffercoherency: ok
Setting up static identitymap for 0x300081e0 - 0x30008238
clocksource: jiffies: mask:0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 9556302231375000 ns
NET: Registered protocolfamily 16
DMA: preallocated 256 KiBpool for atomic coherent allocations
cpuidle: using governorladder
MINI2440: Option stringmini2440=0tb
MINI2440: 't' ignored,touchscreen not compiled in
MINI2440: LCD
[0:240x320]
1:800x480
2:1024x768
3:320x240
S3C2440: Initialisingarchitecture
usbcore: registered newinterface driver usbfs
usbcore: registered newinterface driver hub
usbcore: registered newdevice driver usb
s3c-i2c s3c2440-i2c.0:slave address 0x10
s3c-i2c s3c2440-i2c.0: busfrequency set to 98 KHz
s3c-i2c s3c2440-i2c.0:i2c-0: S3C I2C adapter
Advanced Linux SoundArchitecture Driver Initialized.
clocksource: Switched toclocksource samsung_clocksource_timer
NET: Registered protocolfamily 2
TCP established hash tableentries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
TCP bind hash tableentries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
TCP: Hash tables configured(established 1024 bind 1024)
UDP hash table entries: 256(order: 0, 4096 bytes)
UDP-Lite hash tableentries: 256 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
NET: Registered protocolfamily 1
RPC: Registered named UNIXsocket transport module.
RPC: Registered udptransport module.
RPC: Registered tcptransport module.
RPC: Registered tcp NFSv4.1backchannel transport module.
futex hash table entries:256 (order: -1, 3072 bytes)
workingset:timestamp_bits=30 max_order=14 bucket_order=0
NFS: Registering theid_resolver key type
Key type id_resolverregistered
Key type id_legacyregistered
jffs2: version 2.2. (NAND) 漏 2001-2006 Red Hat, Inc.
romfs: ROMFS MTD (C) 2007Red Hat, Inc.
io scheduler noopregistered
io scheduler deadlineregistered
io scheduler cfq registered(default)
Console: switching tocolour frame buffer device 60x53
s3c2410-lcd s3c2410-lcd:fb0: s3c2410fb frame buffer device
s3c2440-uart.0: ttySAC0 atMMIO 0x50000000 (irq = 74, base_baud = 0) is a S3C2440
console [ttySAC0] enabled
s3c2440-uart.1: ttySAC1 atMMIO 0x50004000 (irq = 77, base_baud = 0) is a S3C2440
s3c2440-uart.2: ttySAC2 atMMIO 0x50008000 (irq = 80, base_baud = 0) is a S3C2440
brd: module loaded
at24 0-0050: 1024 byte24c08 EEPROM, writable, 16 bytes/write
s3c24xx-nand s3c2440-nand:Tacls=1, 9ns Twrph0=3 29ns, Twrph1=2 19ns
s3c24xx-nand s3c2440-nand:NAND soft ECC
nand: device found,Manufacturer ID: 0xec, Chip ID: 0xda
nand: Samsung NAND 256MiB3,3V 8-bit
nand: 256 MiB, SLC, erasesize: 128 KiB, page size: 2048, OOB size: 64
Creating 4 MTD partitionson "nand":
0x000000000000-0x000000040000: "u-boot"
ftl_cs: FTL header notfound.
0x000000040000-0x000000060000: "u-boot-env"
ftl_cs: FTL header notfound.
0x000000060000-0x000000560000: "kernel"
ftl_cs: FTL header notfound.
0x000000560000-0x000010000000: "root"
ftl_cs: FTL header notfound.
eth0: dm9000e at c4a5b300,c4a5d304IRQ 55 MAC: 08:00:3e:26:0a:5b (chip)
ohci_hcd: USB 1.1 'Open'Host Controller (OHCI) Driver
ohci-s3c2410: OHCI S3C2410driver
s3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci:OHCI Host Controller
s3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci:new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 1
s3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci:irq 42, io mem 0x49000000
random: fast init done
hub 1-0:1.0: USB hub found
hub 1-0:1.0: 2 portsdetected
mousedev: PS/2 mouse devicecommon for all mice
i2c /dev entries driver
s3c2410-wdt s3c2410-wdt:watchdog inactive, reset disabled, irq disabled
sdhci: Secure Digital HostController Interface driver
sdhci: Copyright(c) PierreOssman
hidraw: raw HID eventsdriver (C) Jiri Kosina
usbcore: registered newinterface driver usbhid
usbhid: USB HID core driver
NET: Registered protocolfamily 17
Key type dns_resolverregistered
input: gpio-keys as/devices/platform/gpio-keys/input/input0
hctosys: unable to open rtcdevice (rtc0)
dm9000 dm9000 eth0: linkdown
IP-Config: Complete:
device=eth0, hwaddr=08:00:3e:26:0a:5b,ipaddr=192.168.2.188, mask=255.255.255.0, gw=192.168.2.1
host=SMDK2440A, domain=,nis-domain=arm9.net
bootserver=192.168.2.123,rootserver=192.168.2.123, rootpath=
ALSA device list:
No soundcards found.
dm9000 dm9000 eth0: linkup, 100Mbps, full-duplex, lpa 0x45E1
可以看到,内核已经运行起来了。
3.5 移植目标板文件
在上述编译过程中,使用了系统自带的mini2440开发板移植文件,这里我们重新移植,不使用这个移植的文件。
(1)先备份
root@ubuntu:~/linux-4.9.2# cd arch/arm/mach-s3c24xx/
root@ubuntu:~/linux-4.9.2/arch/arm/mach-s3c24xx# cp mach-mini2440.c mach-mini2440_backup.c
(2)替换
root@ubuntu:~/linux-4.9.2/arch/arm/mach-s3c24xx# cp mach-smdk2440.c mach-mini2440.c
(3)修改
root@ubuntu:~/linux-4.9.2/arch/arm/mach-s3c24xx# vim mach-mini2440.c
定位到末尾处,找到180行MACHINE_START(S3C2440,"SMDK2440") , 将其修改为
MACHINE_START(MINI2440, "Mini2440 developmentboard")
定位到167行附近,把其中的16934400(代表原SMDK2440 目标板的晶振是16.9344MHz)改为mini2440 开发板上实际使用的12000000(代表mini2440 开发板上的晶振12MHz,元器件标号为X2),如下所示:
static void __initsmdk2440_init_time(void)
{
s3c2440_init_clocks(12000000);
samsung_timer_init();
}
把mach-mini2440.c 中所有的smdk2440 字样改为mini2440,可以使用批处理命令修改,在vim 的命令模式下输入:(先按ESC,在输入一个“:”,粘贴下面的命令,回车)
%s/smdk2440/mini2440/g
上面这句的意思是:把所有和“smdk2440”匹配的字符串全部替换为“mini2440”,前面的“%s“代表字符串匹配,最后的“g”代表global,是全局的意思
在mini2440_machine_init(void)函数中,把smdk_machine_init()函数调用注释掉,因为我们后面会编写自己的初始化函数,不需要调用smdk2440 原来的,定位到177行,修改如下:
static void __initmini2440_machine_init(void)
{
s3c24xx_fb_set_platdata(&mini2440_fb_info);
s3c_i2c0_set_platdata(NULL);
platform_add_devices(mini2440_devices,ARRAY_SIZE(mini2440_devices));
// smdk_machine_init();
}
保存,可以再打开一个putty,登录后进入/root/linux-4.9.2文件夹内,专门用于编译内核。
root@ubuntu:~/linux-4.9.2# make mini2440_defconfig
root@ubuntu:~/linux-4.9.2# make -j8
编译成功,生成uImage
root@ubuntu:~/linux-4.9.2#./mkuImage.sh
按一下开发板复位键,进入内核测试
可以看到内核启动成功。
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