本文环境：
Windows 10 + CentOS 6.8

为Jenkins创建特殊的用户和组

groupadd build
useradd --create-home --shell /bin/bash --groups build jenkins

为Jenkins用户配置Java

# 编辑用户的.bashrc
# set java env
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_79
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH

运行Jenkins

# 下载最新稳定版的Jenkins war包，放到/usr/local/src目录下

java -jar /usr/local/src/jenkins.war      # 启动Jenkins

• 停止Jenkins，按Ctrl+C 组合键
• Jenkins默认运行在8080,可以手动制定端口,及常用参数。

--httpPort  --ajp13Port# 指定端口

java -jar /usr/local/src/jenkins.war --httpPort=8081

--daemon # 以后台任务形式启动jenkins

--logfile # 指定jenkins启动日志路径

mkdir /var/log/jenkins
java -jar /usr/local/src/jenkins.war --logfile=/var/log/jenkins/jenkins.log

调用内嵌的Winstone应用服务器运行Jenkins

调用Winstone应用服务器来重启或关闭Jenkins，需要启动Jenkins时指定controlPort选项，示例：

java -jar /usr/local/src/jenkins.war --controlPort=8001

Linux环境下完整示例：

nohup java -jar /usr/local/src/jenkins.war --controlPort=8001 > /var/log/jenkins/jenkins.log 2>&1 &

重启服务器，示例

export JENKINS_HOME=/home/jenkins/.jenkins

java -cp $JENKINS_HOME/war/winstone.jar winstone.tools.WinstoneControl reload: --host=jenkins --port=8001  # reload 报错

java -cp $JENKINS_HOME/war/winstone.jar winstone.tools.WinstoneControl shutdown --host=jenkins --port=8001  # shutdown正常

创建启动Jenkins的daemon脚本

Linux环境下Jenkins的daemon脚本，提供Jenkins启动、停止、重新启动功能，已在CentOS6.x上测试，根据相关环境变量设置适合你自己系统的环境变量。

本文实验环境：

OS：CentOS release 6.8 (Final)
JDK：jdk-7u79-linux-x64.rpm

• 基于CentOS安装测试

# 下载tomcat
wget https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache/tomcat/tomcat-7/v7.0.73/bin/apache-tomcat-7.0.73.tar.gz -P /usr/local/src

tar zxvf /usr/local/src/apache-tomcat-7.0.73.tar.gz -C /home/jenkins

chown -R jenkins:build /home/jenkins/apache-tomcat-7.0.73  

# 由于本文前半部分启动Jenkins使用的是指定用户Jenkins，因此使用Jenkins用户启动的目录改变所属，如果是采用以Tomcat来启动Jenkins，无需使用特定用户，这里看心情定

# 下载JDK，安装省略，已安装

脚本内容如下：

#!/bin/sh
#
# Startup script for the Jenkins Continuous Integration server
# (via Jakarta Tomcat Java Servlets and JSP server)
#
# chkconfig: - 85 15
# description: Jakarta Tomcat Java Servlets and JSP server
# processname: jenkins
# pidfile: /home/jenkins/jenkins-tomcat.pid

# Set Tomcat environment.
JENKINS_USER=jenkins
LOCKFILE=/var/lock/jenkins
export PATH=/usr/local/bin:$PATH
export HOME=/home/jenkins
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_79
export JENKINS_BASEDIR=/home/jenkins
export TOMCAT_HOME=$JENKINS_BASEDIR/apache-tomcat-7.0.73
export CATALINA_PID=$JENKINS_BASEDIR/jenkins-tomcat.pid
export CATALINA_OPTS="-DJENKINS_HOME=$JENKINS_BASEDIR/jenkins-home -Xmx512m -Djava.awt.headless=true"

# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions

[ -f $TOMCAT_HOME/bin/catalina.sh ] || exit 0

export PATH=$PATH:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin

# See how we were called.
case "$1" in
  start)
        # Start daemon.
        echo -n "Starting Tomcat: "
        su -p -s /bin/sh $JENKINS_USER -c "$TOMCAT_HOME/bin/catalina.sh start"
        RETVAL=$?
        echo
         [ $RETVAL = 0 ] && touch $LOCKFILE
        ;;
  stop)
        # Stop daemons.
        echo -n "Shutting down Tomcat: "
        su -p -s /bin/sh $JENKINS_USER -c "$TOMCAT_HOME/bin/catalina.sh stop"
        RETVAL=$?
        echo
        [ $RETVAL = 0 ] && rm -f $LOCKFILE
        ;;
  restart)
        $0 stop
        $0 start
        ;;
  condrestart)
       [ -e $LOCKFILE ] && $0 restart
       ;;
  status)
        status -p $CATALINA_PID -l $(basename $LOCKFILE) jenkins
        ;;
  *)
        echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|status}"
        exit 1
esac

exit 0

chmod a+x /etc/init.d/jenkins
chkconfig jenkins on

使用ntsysv查看Jenkins服务是否已启动

使用Jenkins Daemon启动Jenkins

/etc/init.d/jenkins start # 启动Tomcat、Jenkins

• 查看Jenkins是否被正常启动

cd /home/jenkins/apache-tomcat-7.0.73/logs

从图中可以看出Jenkins已经启动成功，从客户端浏览器访问如下：http://192.168.0.56:8080/jenkins

到这里，使用Tomcat+Daemon方式启动Jenkins已经完成，调整Tomcat的工作模式，优化参数来更好的使用Jenkins

查看admin初始密码，并登录Jenkins安装插件并使用

cat /home/jenkins/jenkins-home/secrets/initialAdminPassword

可以通过下面命令查看Jenkins安装插件过程后台输出的日志

tailf /home/jenkins/apache-tomcat-7.0.73/logs/catalina.out

Jenkins插件安装报错

SEVERE: Failed Loading plugin GitHub Branch Source Plugin v1.10.1 (github-branch-source)
SEVERE: Failed Loading plugin GitHub Organization Folder Plugin v1.5 (github-organization-folder)

• 解决报错：Failed Loading plugin GitHub Organization Folder Plugin v1.5

卸载旧版本git，安装最新版本的git
参考：http://blog.csdn.net/wh211212/article/details/53646476

跳过报错，登录Jenkins后，重新安装插件

这里会提示你创建一个新的用户可以是管理员用户或者普通用户，未截图