===========================================================================================

环境：

linux上的tomcat中部署了一个web服务，

时好时坏，经常上午启动，下午就无法访问。

总是莫名其妙的宕机。

===========================================================================================

解决步骤：

1.首先，在宕机的情况下，先不启动tomcat,去查看日志文件catalina.out

目录是在你的tomcat的目录下的logs目录下

tail -n 200 -f catalina.out

收集到的日志大致如下：

[GC [PSYoungGen: 1610144K->54342K(1998336K)] 2233750K->678204K(6777344K), 0.0687220 secs] [Times: user=0.22 sys=0.00, real=0.07 secs] 
[GC [PSYoungGen: 1661510K->91007K(2016768K)] 2285372K->764127K(6795776K), 0.1119750 secs] [Times: user=0.29 sys=0.01, real=0.11 secs] 
[GC [PSYoungGen: 1721727K->3808K(2003456K)] 2394847K->760833K(6782464K), 0.0980690 secs] [Times: user=0.27 sys=0.03, real=0.10 secs] 
java.net.ConnectException: Connection timed out
    at java.net.PlainSocketImpl.socketConnect(Native Method)
    at java.net.AbstractPlainSocketImpl.doConnect(AbstractPlainSocketImpl.java:339)
    at java.net.AbstractPlainSocketImpl.connectToAddress(AbstractPlainSocketImpl.java:200)
    at java.net.AbstractPlainSocketImpl.connect(AbstractPlainSocketImpl.java:182)
    at java.net.SocksSocketImpl.connect(SocksSocketImpl.java:392)
    at java.net.Socket.connect(Socket.java:579)
    at org.apache.http.conn.scheme.PlainSocketFactory.connectSocket(PlainSocketFactory.java:117)
    at org.apache.http.impl.conn.DefaultClientConnectionOperator.openConnection(DefaultClientConnectionOperator.java:177)
    at org.apache.http.impl.conn.AbstractPoolEntry.open(AbstractPoolEntry.java:144)
    at org.apache.http.impl.conn.AbstractPooledConnAdapter.open(AbstractPooledConnAdapter.java:131)
    at org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultRequestDirector.tryConnect(DefaultRequestDirector.java:611)
    at org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultRequestDirector.execute(DefaultRequestDirector.java:446)
    at org.apache.http.impl.client.AbstractHttpClient.doExecute(AbstractHttpClient.java:882)
    at org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient.execute(CloseableHttpClient.java:82)
    at org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient.execute(CloseableHttpClient.java:107)
    at util.httpclient.HttpXmlClient.sendRequest(HttpXmlClient.java:234)
    at util.httpclient.HttpXmlClient.invoke(HttpXmlClient.java:201)
    at util.httpclient.HttpXmlClient.post(HttpXmlClient.java:43)
    at quartz.InvoiceApplyOrderStatusJob.getSalOrderStatus(InvoiceApplyOrderStatusJob.java:87)
    at quartz.InvoiceApplyOrderStatusJob.findOrderStatus(InvoiceApplyOrderStatusJob.java:45)
    at quartz.InvoiceApplyOrderStatusJob.excute(InvoiceApplyOrderStatusJob.java:37)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606)
    at org.springframework.scheduling.support.ScheduledMethodRunnable.run(ScheduledMethodRunnable.java:64)
    at org.springframework.scheduling.support.DelegatingErrorHandlingRunnable.run(DelegatingErrorHandlingRunnable.java:53)
    at org.springframework.scheduling.concurrent.ReschedulingRunnable.run(ReschedulingRunnable.java:81)
    at java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:471)
    at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:262)
    at java.util.concurrent.ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor$ScheduledFutureTask.access$201(ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor.java:178)
    at java.util.concurrent.ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor$ScheduledFutureTask.run(ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor.java:292)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
[ERROR][quartz.InvoiceApplyOrderStatusJob] [  ]
[ERROR][org.springframework.scheduling.support.TaskUtils$LoggingErrorHandler] [ Unexpected error occurred in scheduled task. ]
java.lang.NullPointerException
    at quartz.InvoiceApplyOrderStatusJob.findOrderStatus(InvoiceApplyOrderStatusJob.java:48)
    at quartz.InvoiceApplyOrderStatusJob.excute(InvoiceApplyOrderStatusJob.java:37)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606)
    at org.springframework.scheduling.support.ScheduledMethodRunnable.run(ScheduledMethodRunnable.java:64)
    at org.springframework.scheduling.support.DelegatingErrorHandlingRunnable.run(DelegatingErrorHandlingRunnable.java:53)
    at org.springframework.scheduling.concurrent.ReschedulingRunnable.run(ReschedulingRunnable.java:81)
    at java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:471)
    at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:262)
    at java.util.concurrent.ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor$ScheduledFutureTask.access$201(ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor.java:178)
    at java.util.concurrent.ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor$ScheduledFutureTask.run(ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor.java:292)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
[GC [PSYoungGen: 1634528K->3520K(2018304K)] 2391553K->761134K(6797312K), 0.0790130 secs] [Times: user=0.21 sys=0.00, real=0.08 secs] 
[GC [PSYoungGen: 1647552K->71575K(2015232K)] 2405166K->829734K(6794240K), 0.1101140 secs] [Times: user=0.34 sys=0.01, real=0.11 secs] 
[GC [PSYoungGen: 1715607K->75061K(2053120K)] 2473766K->898535K(6832128K), 0.1175420 secs] [Times: user=0.37 sys=0.00, real=0.12 secs] 

Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM warning: Attempt to protect stack guard pages failed.
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM warning: Attempt to deallocate stack guard pages failed.
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM warning: Attempt to deallocate stack guard pages failed.
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM warning: Attempt to deallocate stack guard pages failed.
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM warning: INFO: os::commit_memory(0x00007f906fa7b000, 12288, 0) failed; error='Cannot allocate memory' (errno=12)
#
# There is insufficient memory for the Java Runtime Environment to continue.
# Native memory allocation (malloc) failed to allocate 12288 bytes for committing reserved memory.
# An error report file with more information is saved as:
# /backup/tomcat7/bin/hs_err_pid916618.log
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM warning: INFO: os::commit_memory(0x00007f8f11051000, 12288, 0) failed; error='Cannot allocate memory' (errno=12)

2.从上面查看日志文件，可以分析出以下问题

　　1》第一，很多次的发生了新生代GC

[GC [PSYoungGen: 1975488K->5056K(2202112K)] 3281950K->1312494K(6981120K), 0.1478450 secs] [Times: user=0.43 sys=0.01, real=0.15 secs]

[GC [PSYoungGen: 1975488K->5056K(2202112K)] 3281950K->1312494K(6981120K), 0.1478450 secs] [Times: user=0.43 sys=0.01, real=0.15 secs]
1.GC 表示一次Minor GC（新生代垃圾收集）
2.PSYoungGen 表示新生代使用的是多线程垃圾收集器Parallel Scavenge
3.1975488K 表示垃圾收集之前新生代占用空间
4.5056K        表示垃圾收集之后新生代的空间
5.新生代又细分为一个Eden区和两个Survivor区,Minor GC之后Eden区为空，5056K就是Survivor占用的空间。
6.(2202112K)  表示整个年轻代的大小
7.3281950K->1312494K(6981120K) 则表示 垃圾收集之前3281950K   垃圾收集之后1312494K   的java堆大小，(6981120K)代表总堆大小，堆大小包括新生代和年老代。
8.[Times: user=0.43 sys=0.01, real=0.15 secs]提供cpu使用及时间消耗，
    user是用户模式垃圾收集消耗的cpu时间，实例中垃圾收集器消耗了0.43秒用户态cpu时间，
    sys是消耗系统态cpu时间,
    real是指垃圾收集器消耗的实际时间。

以上是拿了一条为例，解释这条信息的意义。

详细的参考地址：参考地址：https://jingyan.baidu.com/article/3ea51489c045d852e61bbaab.html

　　2》从这几条日志记录，可以看出java的运行环境想要继续运行下去，已经没有足够的内存支撑它了

# There is insufficient memory for the Java Runtime Environment to continue.
# Native memory allocation (malloc) failed to allocate 12288 bytes for committing reserved memory.
# An error report file with more information is saved as:
# /backup/tomcat7/bin/hs_err_pid916618.log

java运行环境，已经没有足够的内存支撑它运行下去了。
查看更多的错误日志信息，可以看：/backup/tomcat7/bin/hs_err_pid916618.log 这个文件

3.那在上面提示的目录下去查看这个文件

cat /backup/tomcat7/bin/hs_err_pid916618.log

文件详情如下：

#
# There is insufficient memory for the Java Runtime Environment to continue.
# Native memory allocation (malloc) failed to allocate 12288 bytes for committing reserved memory.
# Possible reasons:
#   The system is out of physical RAM or swap space
#   In 32 bit mode, the process size limit was hit
# Possible solutions:
#   Reduce memory load on the system
#   Increase physical memory or swap space
#   Check if swap backing store is full
#   Use 64 bit Java on a 64 bit OS
#   Decrease Java heap size (-Xmx/-Xms)
#   Decrease number of Java threads
#   Decrease Java thread stack sizes (-Xss)
#   Set larger code cache with -XX:ReservedCodeCacheSize=
# This output file may be truncated or incomplete.
#
#  Out of Memory Error (os_linux.cpp:2756), pid=916618, tid=140258326329088
#
# JRE version: Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (7.0_79-b15) (build 1.7.0_79-b15)
# Java VM: Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (24.79-b02 mixed mode linux-amd64 compressed oops)
# Failed to write core dump. Core dumps have been disabled. To enable core dumping, try "ulimit -c unlimited" before starting Java again
#

---------------  T H R E A D  ---------------

Current thread (0x00007f93bd3bc000):  JavaThread "elasticsearch[Cap 'N Hawk][generic][T#44]" daemon [_thread_new, id=869274, stack(0x00007f906fa7b000,0x00007f906fb7c000)]

Stack: [0x00007f906fa7b000,0x00007f906fb7c000],  sp=0x00007f906fb7a800,  free space=1022k
Native frames: (J=compiled Java code, j=interpreted, Vv=VM code, C=native code)
V  [libjvm.so+0x9a32da]  VMError::report_and_die()+0x2ea
V  [libjvm.so+0x497f7b]  report_vm_out_of_memory(char const*, int, unsigned long, char const*)+0x9b
V  [libjvm.so+0x81fcce]  os::Linux::commit_memory_impl(char*, unsigned long, bool)+0xfe
V  [libjvm.so+0x81fd8c]  os::pd_commit_memory(char*, unsigned long, bool)+0xc
V  [libjvm.so+0x817afa]  os::commit_memory(char*, unsigned long, bool)+0x2a
V  [libjvm.so+0x81e25d]  os::pd_create_stack_guard_pages(char*, unsigned long)+0x6d
V  [libjvm.so+0x95581e]  JavaThread::create_stack_guard_pages()+0x5e
V  [libjvm.so+0x95c164]  JavaThread::run()+0x34
V  [libjvm.so+0x821ca8][root@dscrmapp bin]# 

关键的两点内容：

　　1》可能的原因

# Possible reasons:
#   The system is out of physical RAM or swap space
#   In 32 bit mode, the process size limit was hit

　　系统超出物理内存 或 虚拟内存

　　在32位的系统下，进程个数被限制了

　　2》可能的解决方法

# Possible solutions:
#   Reduce memory load on the system
#   Increase physical memory or swap space
#   Check if swap backing store is full
#   Use 64 bit Java on a 64 bit OS
#   Decrease Java heap size (-Xmx/-Xms)
#   Decrease number of Java threads
#   Decrease Java thread stack sizes (-Xss)
#   Set larger code cache with -XX:ReservedCodeCacheSize=

＃ 可能的解决方案：
＃减少系统上的内存负载
＃增加物理内存或交换空间
＃检查交换后备存储是否已满
＃在64位操作系统上使用64位Java
＃减少Java堆大小（-Xmx / -Xms）
＃减少Java线程的数量
＃减少Java线程堆栈大小（-Xss）
＃使用设置更大的代码缓存    -XX:ReservedCodeCacheSize=

4.解决顺序

在下面解决方法之前，一定要检查程序，处理好BUG，对异常进行捕获，尤其是多线程中，一定要正确捕获异常，对于不用的对象，释放引用，以确保GC可以正常的回收！！

　　4.1 确保系统是64位，并且java版本是64位

　　查看linux是centos还是ubuntu系统命令：

lsb_release -a

　　centOS查看系统32位还是64位

getconf LONG_BIT

 　　java版本确认

java -version

　　4.2 减小java堆大小和堆栈大小

原理参考地址：解决 - java.lang.OutOfMemoryError： unable to create new native thread - hrhguanli - 博客园

　　异常的本质原因是因为，创建了太多的线程，没有及时回收。

　　而给jvm分配的内存越多，那么你能创建的线程数就越少。

进入tomcat的bin目录下

查找并编辑catalina.sh文件

vi catalina.sh

找到下面这行，对JVM的参数设置行，一般在【cygwin=false】上方一行

export JAVA_OPTS='-Xms7000m -Xmx8192m  -XX:PermSize=1024m -XX:MaxPermSize=2048m  -XX:+PrintGCDetails -server'

具体参数含义参考：【JVM】调优笔记3-----JVM参数配置 JDK1.8 - Angel挤一挤 - 博客园

可以看到这里对jvm的

初始化堆大小　　-Xms7000m

最大堆大小　　-Xmx8192m

[非堆内存]永久代初始大小  　　-XX:PermSize=1024m

[非对内存]永久代最大大小　　　-XX:MaxPermSize=2048m

修改参数为：

export JAVA_OPTS='-Xms2048m -Xmx3072m  -XX:PermSize=1024m -XX:MaxPermSize=2048m  -XX:+PrintGCDetails -server'

对堆大小减小一半多。

　　4.3 查看并增加虚拟内存

第一： 查看内存使用情况命令

free -m

-m  以M为单位展示

　　

　　centOS 6.4增加虚拟内存：

　　参考地址：CentOS 6.4 性能调优之增加虚拟内存_Linux教程_Linux公社-Linux系统门户网站

第二：关闭原本的swap

sudo swapoff -a

此时再查看 发现swap已经变成0

 第三：设置新的swap大小

dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1M count=31906

of是指 在指定的路径创建swapfile文件

bs指的是Block Size，就是每一块的大小。这里的例子是1M，意思就是count的数字，是以1M为单位的。

count是告诉程序，新的swapfile要多少个block。这里是31906，就是说，新的swap文件是31906M大小,也就是将近32G。

注意：可能需要点时间完成此步，耐心等待完成。

注意：swap大小原则，设置为物理内存的1-2倍大小。

因为最开始分析就是物理内存或swap内存不足导致，因此这里讲swap内存设置为物理内存的2倍大小。

设置完成就是这样

第四：把新增加的swapfile文件设置为swap文件

sudo mkswap /swapfile

第五：修改/etc/fstab文件，让swap在启动时自动生效

vi /etc/fstab

在文件最后一行添加

/swapfile swap  swap  defaults  0   0

第六：重启服务器

命令：

reboot

 重启后重新连接

第七：挂载swapfile文件

swapon /swapfile

查看swap