import json

str = """
[{
    'name':'zhang san',
    'gender':'male',
    'birthday':'1992-01-05'
},{
    'name':'li si',
    'gender':'female',
    'birthday':'1991-12-13'
}]
"""
print(type(str))
data = json.loads(str)
print(data)
print(type(data))

运行报错：

json.decoder.JSONDecodeError: Expecting property name enclosed in double quotes: line 3 column 5 (char 8)

原因分析：

str字符串里面的标识字符用了单引号括起来，将其换成双引号后再次运行

import json

str = '''
[{
    "name":"zhang san",
    "gender":"male",
    "birthday":"1992-01-05"
},{
    "name":"li si",
    "gender":"female",
    "birthday":"1991-12-13"
}]
'''
print(type(str))
data = json.loads(str)
print(data)
print(type(data))

输出结果正常：
<class 'str'>
[{'name': 'zhang san', 'gender': 'male', 'birthday': '1992-01-05'}, {'name': 'li si', 'gender': 'female', 'birthday': '1991-12-13'}]
<class 'list'>

注意：将标识字符的单引号替换为双引号时，需要先将外面的三双引号替换为三单引号