方案

x-data-spreadsheet + xlsx

优点：
    支持excel的在线编辑、导入、导出、数据存储及回显
    存储数据体积较小
缺点：
    导出excel无法携带样式

luckysheet + luckyexcel + exceljs + file-saver

优点：
    支持excel的在线编辑、导入、导出、数据存储及回显
    导出excel可以携带样式
缺点：
    存储数据体积较大
    只支持script引入，无npm包

效果

x-data-spreadsheet + xlsx

luckysheet + luckyexcel + exceljs + file-saver

实现

x-data-spreadsheet + xlsx

1.npm安装依赖

npm i x-data-spreadsheet xlsx

2.组件实现

<template>
  <div>
    <div class="mb-md">
      <input type="file" @change="chageFile" ref="inputFile" />
      <button @click="exportExcel">导出xlsx</button>
    </div>
    <!--web spreadsheet组件-->
    <div id="x-spreadsheet-demo"></div>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
//引入依赖包
import zhCN from 'x-data-spreadsheet/src/locale/zh-cn'
import Spreadsheet from 'x-data-spreadsheet'
import * as XLSX from 'xlsx'
Spreadsheet.locale('zh-cn', zhCN)
//本地存储，demo数据存储、回显使用
import local from '@/utils/local-storage'
export default {
  name: 'XspreadsheetDemo',
  data() {
    return {
      xs: null
    }
  },
  mounted() {
    this.init()
  },
  methods: {
    init() {
      this.xs = new Spreadsheet('#x-spreadsheet-demo', {
        row: {
          len: 10000,
          height: 25
        }
      })
      let excelData = local.getItem('excel')
      if (excelData) {
        this.xs.loadData(excelData) // load data
      }

      this.xs.change(data => {
        local.setItem('excel', data)
      })

      // data validation
      this.xs.validate()
    },
    exportExcel() {
      var new_wb = this.xtos(this.xs.getData())
      XLSX.writeFile(new_wb, 'SheetJS.xlsx')
    },
    xtos(sdata) {
      console.log(sdata)
      var out = XLSX.utils.book_new()
      sdata.forEach(function (xws) {
        var aoa = [[]]
        var rowobj = xws.rows
        for (var ri = 0; ri < rowobj.len; ++ri) {
          var row = rowobj[ri]
          if (!row) continue
          aoa[ri] = []
          Object.keys(row.cells).forEach(function (k) {
            var idx = +k
            if (isNaN(idx)) return
            aoa[ri][idx] = row.cells[k].text
          })
        }
        var ws = XLSX.utils.aoa_to_sheet(aoa)

        /** 读取在线中的合并单元格，并写入导出的数据中
                 * merges: Array(19)
                    0: "A16:P16"
                    1: "A17:P17"
                    2: "O2:P2"
                    3: "F2:G2"
                 */
        ws['!merges'] = []
        xws.merges.forEach(merge => {
          ws['!merges'].push(XLSX.utils.decode_range(merge))
        })

        XLSX.utils.book_append_sheet(out, ws, xws.name)
      })
      return out
    },
    chageFile() {
      this.importExcel(this.$refs.inputFile.files[0])
    },
    importExcel(file) {
      let reader = new FileReader()
      reader.onload = e => {
        let data = e.target.result
        let fixedData = this.fixData(data)
        let workbook = XLSX.read(btoa(fixedData), { type: 'base64' })
        console.log(workbook)
        console.log(this.stox(workbook))
        this.xs.loadData(this.stox(workbook))
      }
      reader.readAsArrayBuffer(file)
      // return workbook
    },
    fixData(data) {
      var o = '',
        l = 0,
        w = 10240
      for (; l < data.byteLength / w; ++l) o += String.fromCharCode.apply(null, new Uint8Array(data.slice(l * w, l * w + w)))
      o += String.fromCharCode.apply(null, new Uint8Array(data.slice(l * w)))
      return o
    },
    stox(wb) {
      var out = []
      wb.SheetNames.forEach(function (name) {
        var o = { name: name, rows: {}, merges: [] }
        var ws = wb.Sheets[name]
        var aoa = XLSX.utils.sheet_to_json(ws, { raw: false, header: 1 })
        aoa.forEach(function (r, i) {
          var cells = {}
          r.forEach(function (c, j) {
            cells[j] = { text: c }
          })
          o.rows[i] = { cells: cells }
        })
        // 设置合并单元格
        ws['!merges'].forEach(merge => {
          /** merge = {
           *  s: {c: 0, r: 15}
           *  e: {c: 15, r: 15}
           * }
           */
          // 修改 cell 中 merge [合并行数,合并列数]
          let cell = o.rows[merge.s.r].cells[merge.s.c]

          //无内容单元格处理
          if (!cell) {
            cell = { text: '' }
          }
          cell.merge = [merge.e.r - merge.s.r, merge.e.c - merge.s.c]
          o.rows[merge.s.r].cells[merge.s.c] = cell

          // 修改 merges
          o.merges.push(XLSX.utils.encode_range(merge))
        })
        out.push(o)
      })
      return out
    }
  }
}
</script>
<style scoped>
</style>

luckysheet + luckyexcel + exceljs + file-saver

1.npm安装依赖

npm i exceljs file-saver luckyexcel

2.index.html中引入

<link rel='stylesheet' href='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/luckysheet/dist/plugins/css/pluginsCss.css' />
<link rel='stylesheet' href='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/luckysheet/dist/plugins/plugins.css' />
<link rel='stylesheet' href='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/luckysheet/dist/css/luckysheet.css' />
<link rel='stylesheet' href='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/luckysheet/dist/assets/iconfont/iconfont.css' />
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/luckysheet/dist/plugins/js/plugin.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/luckysheet/dist/luckysheet.umd.js"></script>

3.组件实现

<template>
  <div class="test2">
    <div class="mb-md">
      <input type="file" @change="chageFile" ref="inputFile" />
      <button @click="exportExcelBtn">导出xlsx</button>
      <button @click="save">保存</button>
    </div>
    <!--web spreadsheet组件-->
    <div class="excel">
      <div id="luckysheetDom" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 100%; height: 100%"></div>
    </div>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
//引入依赖包
import LuckyExcel from 'luckyexcel'
const luckysheet = window.luckysheet
//代码见下
import { exportExcel } from './export'
//本地存储，demo数据存储、回显使用
import local from '@/utils/local-storage'
export default {
  name: 'XspreadsheetDemo',
  data() {
    return {
      xs: null
    }
  },
  mounted() {
    this.init()
  },
  methods: {
    init() {
      let options = local.getItem('excel2')
      if (!options) {
        options = {
          container: 'luckysheetDom',
          title: '',
          lang: 'zh',
          data: [
            {
              name: 'Sheet1'
            }
          ],
          showinfobar: false
        }
      }
      // 可开启只读模式
      // options.allowEdit = false
      luckysheet.create(options)
    },
    save() {
      let data = luckysheet.toJson()
      console.log(JSON.stringify(data))
      local.setItem('excel2', data)
    },
    exportExcelBtn() {
      // console.log(luckysheet.getluckysheetfile())
      exportExcel(luckysheet.getluckysheetfile(), '下载')
    },
    chageFile() {
      this.importExcel(this.$refs.inputFile.files[0])
    },
    importExcel(file) {
      let name = file.name
      //获取文件后缀
      let suffixArr = name.split('.'),
        suffix = suffixArr[suffixArr.length - 1]
      if (suffix !== 'xlsx') {
        alert('目前只能导入xlsx类型的文件')
        return
      }
      LuckyExcel.transformExcelToLucky(file, this.fileCb, this.errorCb)
    },
    fileCb(exportJson, luckysheetfile) {
      // 转换后获取工作表数据
      if (exportJson.sheets === null || exportJson.sheets.length === 0) {
        alert('无法读取excel文件的内容，当前不支持xls文件!')
        return
      }
      // console.log('exportJson', exportJson)
      // console.log('luckysheetfile', luckysheetfile)

      luckysheet.destroy()

      luckysheet.create({
        container: 'luckysheetDom', //luckysheet is the container id
        showinfobar: false,
        data: exportJson.sheets,
        title: exportJson.info.name,
        userInfo: exportJson.info.name.creator
      })
    },
    errorCb(error) {
      console.log(error)
    }
  }
}
</script>
<style scoped lang="less">
.test2 {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  .excel {
    flex: 1;
  }
}
</style>

4.export.js

// import { createCellPos } from './translateNumToLetter'
import Excel from 'exceljs'

import FileSaver from 'file-saver'

const exportExcel = function (luckysheet, value) {
  // 参数为luckysheet.getluckysheetfile()获取的对象
  // 1.创建工作簿，可以为工作簿添加属性
  const workbook = new Excel.Workbook()
  // 2.创建表格，第二个参数可以配置创建什么样的工作表
  if (Object.prototype.toString.call(luckysheet) === '[object Object]') {
    luckysheet = [luckysheet]
  }
  luckysheet.forEach(function (table) {
    if (table.data.length === 0) {
      return true
    }
    // ws.getCell('B2').fill = fills.
    const worksheet = workbook.addWorksheet(table.name)
    const merge = (table.config && table.config.merge) || {}
    const borderInfo = (table.config && table.config.borderInfo) || {}
    // 3.设置单元格合并,设置单元格边框,设置单元格样式,设置值
    setStyleAndValue(table.data, worksheet)
    setMerge(merge, worksheet)
    setBorder(borderInfo, worksheet)
    return true
  })

  // return
  // 4.写入 buffer
  const buffer = workbook.xlsx.writeBuffer().then(data => {
    // console.log('data', data)
    const blob = new Blob([data], {
      type: 'application/vnd.ms-excel;charset=utf-8'
    })
    console.log('导出成功！')
    FileSaver.saveAs(blob, `${value}.xlsx`)
  })
  return buffer
}

var setMerge = function (luckyMerge = {}, worksheet) {
  const mergearr = Object.values(luckyMerge)
  mergearr.forEach(function (elem) {
    // elem格式：{r: 0, c: 0, rs: 1, cs: 2}
    // 按开始行，开始列，结束行，结束列合并（相当于 K10:M12）
    worksheet.mergeCells(elem.r + 1, elem.c + 1, elem.r + elem.rs, elem.c + elem.cs)
  })
}

var setBorder = function (luckyBorderInfo, worksheet) {
  if (!Array.isArray(luckyBorderInfo)) {
    return
  }
  // console.log('luckyBorderInfo', luckyBorderInfo)
  luckyBorderInfo.forEach(function (elem) {
    // 现在只兼容到borderType 为range的情况
    // console.log('ele', elem)
    if (elem.rangeType === 'range') {
      let border = borderConvert(elem.borderType, elem.style, elem.color)
      let rang = elem.range[0]
      // console.log('range', rang)
      let row = rang.row
      let column = rang.column
      for (let i = row[0] + 1; i < row[1] + 2; i++) {
        for (let y = column[0] + 1; y < column[1] + 2; y++) {
          worksheet.getCell(i, y).border = border
        }
      }
    }
    if (elem.rangeType === 'cell') {
      // col_index: 2
      // row_index: 1
      // b: {
      //   color: '#d0d4e3'
      //   style: 1
      // }
      const { col_index, row_index } = elem.value
      const borderData = Object.assign({}, elem.value)
      delete borderData.col_index
      delete borderData.row_index
      let border = addborderToCell(borderData, row_index, col_index)
      // console.log('bordre', border, borderData)
      worksheet.getCell(row_index + 1, col_index + 1).border = border
    }
    // console.log(rang.column_focus + 1, rang.row_focus + 1)
    // worksheet.getCell(rang.row_focus + 1, rang.column_focus + 1).border = border
  })
}
var setStyleAndValue = function (cellArr, worksheet) {
  if (!Array.isArray(cellArr)) {
    return
  }
  cellArr.forEach(function (row, rowid) {
    row.every(function (cell, columnid) {
      if (!cell) {
        return true
      }
      let fill = fillConvert(cell.bg)

      let font = fontConvert(cell.ff, cell.fc, cell.bl, cell.it, cell.fs, cell.cl, cell.ul)
      let alignment = alignmentConvert(cell.vt, cell.ht, cell.tb, cell.tr)
      let value = ''

      if (cell.f) {
        value = { formula: cell.f, result: cell.v }
      } else if (!cell.v && cell.ct && cell.ct.s) {
        // xls转为xlsx之后，内部存在不同的格式，都会进到富文本里，即值不存在与cell.v，而是存在于cell.ct.s之后
        // value = cell.ct.s[0].v
        cell.ct.s.forEach(arr => {
          value += arr.v
        })
      } else {
        value = cell.v
      }
      //  style 填入到_value中可以实现填充色
      let letter = createCellPos(columnid)
      let target = worksheet.getCell(letter + (rowid + 1))
      // console.log('1233', letter + (rowid + 1))
      for (const key in fill) {
        target.fill = fill
        break
      }
      target.font = font
      target.alignment = alignment
      target.value = value

      return true
    })
  })
}

var fillConvert = function (bg) {
  if (!bg) {
    return {}
  }
  // const bgc = bg.replace('#', '')
  let fill = {
    type: 'pattern',
    pattern: 'solid',
    fgColor: { argb: bg.replace('#', '') }
  }
  return fill
}

var fontConvert = function (ff = 0, fc = '#000000', bl = 0, it = 0, fs = 10, cl = 0, ul = 0) {
  // luckysheet：ff(样式), fc(颜色), bl(粗体), it(斜体), fs(大小), cl(删除线), ul(下划线)
  const luckyToExcel = {
    0: '微软雅黑',
    1: '宋体（Song）',
    2: '黑体（ST Heiti）',
    3: '楷体（ST Kaiti）',
    4: '仿宋（ST FangSong）',
    5: '新宋体（ST Song）',
    6: '华文新魏',
    7: '华文行楷',
    8: '华文隶书',
    9: 'Arial',
    10: 'Times New Roman ',
    11: 'Tahoma ',
    12: 'Verdana',
    num2bl: function (num) {
      return num !== 0
    }
  }
  // 出现Bug，导入的时候ff为luckyToExcel的val

  let font = {
    name: typeof ff === 'number' ? luckyToExcel[ff] : ff,
    family: 1,
    size: fs,
    color: { argb: fc.replace('#', '') },
    bold: luckyToExcel.num2bl(bl),
    italic: luckyToExcel.num2bl(it),
    underline: luckyToExcel.num2bl(ul),
    strike: luckyToExcel.num2bl(cl)
  }

  return font
}

var alignmentConvert = function (vt = 'default', ht = 'default', tb = 'default', tr = 'default') {
  // luckysheet:vt(垂直), ht(水平), tb(换行), tr(旋转)
  const luckyToExcel = {
    vertical: {
      0: 'middle',
      1: 'top',
      2: 'bottom',
      default: 'top'
    },
    horizontal: {
      0: 'center',
      1: 'left',
      2: 'right',
      default: 'left'
    },
    wrapText: {
      0: false,
      1: false,
      2: true,
      default: false
    },
    textRotation: {
      0: 0,
      1: 45,
      2: -45,
      3: 'vertical',
      4: 90,
      5: -90,
      default: 0
    }
  }

  let alignment = {
    vertical: luckyToExcel.vertical[vt],
    horizontal: luckyToExcel.horizontal[ht],
    wrapText: luckyToExcel.wrapText[tb],
    textRotation: luckyToExcel.textRotation[tr]
  }
  return alignment
}

var borderConvert = function (borderType, style = 1, color = '#000') {
  // 对应luckysheet的config中borderinfo的的参数
  if (!borderType) {
    return {}
  }
  const luckyToExcel = {
    type: {
      'border-all': 'all',
      'border-top': 'top',
      'border-right': 'right',
      'border-bottom': 'bottom',
      'border-left': 'left'
    },
    style: {
      0: 'none',
      1: 'thin',
      2: 'hair',
      3: 'dotted',
      4: 'dashDot', // 'Dashed',
      5: 'dashDot',
      6: 'dashDotDot',
      7: 'double',
      8: 'medium',
      9: 'mediumDashed',
      10: 'mediumDashDot',
      11: 'mediumDashDotDot',
      12: 'slantDashDot',
      13: 'thick'
    }
  }
  let template = {
    style: luckyToExcel.style[style],
    color: { argb: color.replace('#', '') }
  }
  let border = {}
  if (luckyToExcel.type[borderType] === 'all') {
    border['top'] = template
    border['right'] = template
    border['bottom'] = template
    border['left'] = template
  } else {
    border[luckyToExcel.type[borderType]] = template
  }
  // console.log('border', border)
  return border
}

function addborderToCell(borders, row_index, col_index) {
  let border = {}
  const luckyExcel = {
    type: {
      l: 'left',
      r: 'right',
      b: 'bottom',
      t: 'top'
    },
    style: {
      0: 'none',
      1: 'thin',
      2: 'hair',
      3: 'dotted',
      4: 'dashDot', // 'Dashed',
      5: 'dashDot',
      6: 'dashDotDot',
      7: 'double',
      8: 'medium',
      9: 'mediumDashed',
      10: 'mediumDashDot',
      11: 'mediumDashDotDot',
      12: 'slantDashDot',
      13: 'thick'
    }
  }
  // console.log('borders', borders)
  for (const bor in borders) {
    // console.log(bor)
    if (borders[bor].color.indexOf('rgb') === -1) {
      border[luckyExcel.type[bor]] = {
        style: luckyExcel.style[borders[bor].style],
        color: { argb: borders[bor].color.replace('#', '') }
      }
    } else {
      border[luckyExcel.type[bor]] = {
        style: luckyExcel.style[borders[bor].style],
        color: { argb: borders[bor].color }
      }
    }
  }

  return border
}

function createCellPos(n) {
  let ordA = 'A'.charCodeAt(0)

  let ordZ = 'Z'.charCodeAt(0)
  let len = ordZ - ordA + 1
  let s = ''
  while (n >= 0) {
    s = String.fromCharCode((n % len) + ordA) + s

    n = Math.floor(n / len) - 1
  }
  return s
}

export { exportExcel }