这篇文章讲的主要是 Vue3-Element-Admin 差不多内置的动态路由配置 (根据后端接口渲染)

先把开发环境（.env.development）中的 VITE_MOCK_DEV_SERVER 设置为 true 这代表启用 Mock 服务
Mock 数据模拟 在 vite 中已经配置好了

0. Vue3-Element-Admin 项目地址

Vue3-Element-Admin：Vue3-Element-Admin

1. router/index.ts

这个文件主要放一些静态初始路由，可以不用管

import type { App } from 'vue'
import { createRouter, createWebHistory, RouteRecordRaw } from 'vue-router'

export const Layout = () => import('@/layout/index.vue')

// 静态路由
export const constantRoutes: RouteRecordRaw[] = [
  {
    path: '/redirect',
    component: Layout,
    meta: { hidden: true },
    children: [
      {
        path: '/redirect/:path(.*)',
        component: () => import('@/views/redirect/index.vue')
      }
    ]
  },

  {
    path: '/login',
    component: () => import('@/views/login/index.vue'),
    meta: { hidden: true }
  },

  {
    path: '/',
    name: '/',
    component: Layout,
    redirect: '/dashboard',
    children: [
      {
        path: 'dashboard',
        component: () => import('@/views/dashboard/index.vue'),
        name: 'Dashboard', // 用于 keep-alive, 必须与SFC自动推导或者显示声明的组件name一致
        // https://cn.vuejs.org/guide/built-ins/keep-alive.html#include-exclude
        meta: {
          title: 'dashboard',
          icon: 'homepage',
          affix: true,
          keepAlive: true,
          alwaysShow: false
        }
      },
      {
        path: '401',
        component: () => import('@/views/error-page/401.vue'),
        meta: { hidden: true }
      },
      {
        path: '404',
        component: () => import('@/views/error-page/404.vue'),
        meta: { hidden: true }
      }
    ]
  }
]

/**
 * 创建路由
 */
const router = createRouter({
  history: createWebHistory(),
  routes: constantRoutes,
  // 刷新时，滚动条位置还原
  scrollBehavior: () => ({ left: 0, top: 0 })
})

// 全局注册 router
export function setupRouter(app: App<Element>) {
  app.use(router)
}

/**
 * 重置路由
 */
export function resetRouter() {
  router.replace({ path: '/login' })
}

export default router

2. Mock接口模拟数据

如果目前没有后端接口支持的话，可以先去文件根目录 mock 文件夹中的 menu.mock.ts 查看，一开始可能会有很多数据，全改成我的就好，可以先模拟看一下

import { defineMock } from './base'

export default defineMock([
  {
    url: 'menus/routes',
    method: ['GET'],
    body: {
      code: '00000',
      data: [
        {
          path: '/dashboard',
          component: 'Dashboard',
          redirect: '/dashboard',
          name: '/dashboard',
          meta: {
            title: '首页',
            icon: 'dashboard',
            hidden: true,
            roles: ['ADMIN'],
            alwaysShow: false,
            params: null
          }
        },
        {
          path: '/nihao',
          component: 'Layout',
          redirect: '/nihao/hello',
          name: '/nihao',
          meta: {
            title: '你好',
            icon: 'system',
            hidden: false,
            roles: ['ADMIN'],
            alwaysShow: true,
            params: null
          },
          children: [
            {
              path: 'hello',
              component: 'nihao/hello/index',
              name: 'Hello',
              meta: {
                title: 'Hello',
                icon: 'user',
                hidden: false,
                roles: ['ADMIN'],
                keepAlive: true,
                alwaysShow: false,
                params: null
              }
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          path: '/system',
          component: 'Layout',
          redirect: '/system/user',
          name: '/system',
          meta: {
            title: '系统管理',
            icon: 'system',
            hidden: false,
            roles: ['ADMIN'],
            alwaysShow: true,
            params: null
          },
          children: [
            {
              path: 'user',
              component: 'system/user/index',
              name: 'User',
              meta: {
                title: 'Test1',
                icon: 'user',
                hidden: false,
                roles: ['ADMIN'],
                keepAlive: true,
                alwaysShow: false,
                params: null
              }
            },
            {
              path: 'user',
              component: 'system/user/index',
              name: 'User',
              meta: {
                title: 'Test2',
                icon: 'user',
                hidden: false,
                roles: ['ADMIN'],
                keepAlive: true,
                alwaysShow: false,
                params: null
              }
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      msg: '一切ok'
    }
  }
  // ... 其他接口
])

3. store/permission

查看权限配置相关页面，这边主要是做一些角色鉴权、角色菜单权限，差不多都是菜单相关配置，主要看一下 generateRoutes 方法，它是配置动态路由所需要用到的方法，这边我是使用了我上面那个 Mock 接口，你可以看到
MenuAPI.getRoutes() .then(data => { //... })

import { RouteRecordRaw } from 'vue-router'
import { constantRoutes } from '@/router'
import { store } from '@/store'
import MenuAPI from '@/api/menu'
import { RouteVO } from '@/api/menu/model'

const modules = import.meta.glob('../../views/**/**.vue')
const Layout = () => import('@/layout/index.vue')

/**
 * Use meta.role to determine if the current user has permission
 *
 * @param roles 用户角色集合
 * @param route 路由
 * @returns
 */
const hasPermission = (roles: string[], route: RouteRecordRaw) => {
  if (route.meta && route.meta.roles) {
    // 角色【超级管理员】拥有所有权限，忽略校验
    if (roles.includes('ROOT')) {
      return true
    }
    return roles.some(role => {
      if (route.meta?.roles) {
        return route.meta.roles.includes(role)
      }
    })
  }
  return false
}

/**
 * 递归过滤有权限的动态路由
 *
 * @param routes 接口返回所有的动态路由
 * @param roles 用户角色集合
 * @returns 返回用户有权限的动态路由
 */
const filterAsyncRoutes = (routes: RouteVO[], roles: string[]) => {
  const asyncRoutes: RouteRecordRaw[] = []
  routes.forEach(route => {
    const tmpRoute = { ...route } as RouteRecordRaw // 深拷贝 route 对象 避免污染
    if (hasPermission(roles, tmpRoute)) {
      // 如果是顶级目录，替换为 Layout 组件
      if (tmpRoute.component?.toString() == 'Layout') {
        tmpRoute.component = Layout
      } else {
        // 如果是子目录，动态加载组件
        const component = modules[`../../views/${tmpRoute.component}.vue`]
        if (component) {
          tmpRoute.component = component
        } else {
          tmpRoute.component = modules[`../../views/error-page/404.vue`]
        }
      }

      if (tmpRoute.children) {
        tmpRoute.children = filterAsyncRoutes(route.children, roles)
      }

      asyncRoutes.push(tmpRoute)
    }
  })

  return asyncRoutes
}
// setup
export const usePermissionStore = defineStore('permission', () => {
  // state
  const routes = ref<RouteRecordRaw[]>([])

  // actions
  function setRoutes(newRoutes: RouteRecordRaw[]) {
    routes.value = constantRoutes.concat(newRoutes)
  }

  /**
   * 生成动态路由
   *
   * @param roles 用户角色集合
   * @returns
   */
  function generateRoutes(roles: string[]) {
    return new Promise<RouteRecordRaw[]>((resolve, reject) => {
      // 接口获取所有路由
      MenuAPI.getRoutes()
        .then(data => {
          // 过滤有权限的动态路由
          const accessedRoutes = filterAsyncRoutes(data, roles)
          setRoutes(accessedRoutes)
          resolve(accessedRoutes)
        })
        .catch(error => {
          reject(error)
        })
    })
  }

  /**
   * 获取与激活的顶部菜单项相关的混合模式左侧菜单集合
   */
  const mixLeftMenus = ref<RouteRecordRaw[]>([])
  function setMixLeftMenus(topMenuPath: string) {
    const matchedItem = routes.value.find(item => item.path === topMenuPath)
    if (matchedItem && matchedItem.children) {
      mixLeftMenus.value = matchedItem.children
    }
  }
  return {
    routes,
    setRoutes,
    generateRoutes,
    mixLeftMenus,
    setMixLeftMenus
  }
})

// 非setup
export function usePermissionStoreHook() {
  return usePermissionStore(store)
}

4. api/menu

上面的 MenuAPI.getRoutes() 就是在 api/menu 里面定义的接口请求

import request from "@/utils/request";
import { MenuQuery, MenuVO, MenuForm, RouteVO } from "./model";

class MenuAPI {
  /**
   * 获取路由列表
   */
  static getRoutes() {
    return request<any, RouteVO[]>({
      url: "/api/v1/menus/routes",
      method: "get",
    });
  }
  // ... 其它接口
export default MenuAPI;

5. plugins/permission

这个文件内也是一些权限配置，按钮鉴权，路由守卫都放在这里面了，主要看 setupPermission 中的 router.addRoute(route) 跳转时会把动态路由塞到原本路由表内

import router from '@/router'
import { useUserStore, usePermissionStore } from '@/store'
import NProgress from '@/utils/nprogress'
import { RouteRecordRaw } from 'vue-router'
import { TOKEN_KEY } from '@/enums/CacheEnum'

// 是否有权限
export function hasAuth(value: string | string[], type: 'button' | 'role' = 'button') {
  const { roles, perms } = useUserStore().user
  //「超级管理员」拥有所有的按钮权限
  if (type === 'button' && roles.includes('ROOT')) {
    return true
  }
  const auths = type === 'button' ? perms : roles
  return typeof value === 'string'
    ? auths.includes(value)
    : auths.some(perm => {
        return value.includes(perm)
      })
}

export function setupPermission() {
  // 白名单路由
  const whiteList = ['/login', '/404']

  router.beforeEach(async (to, from, next) => {
    NProgress.start()
    const hasToken = localStorage.getItem(TOKEN_KEY)
    if (hasToken) {
      if (to.path === '/login') {
        // 如果已登录，跳转首页
        next({ path: '/' })
        NProgress.done()
      } else {
        const userStore = useUserStore()
        const hasRoles = userStore.user.roles && userStore.user.roles.length > 0
        if (hasRoles) {
          // 未匹配到任何路由，跳转404
          if (to.matched.length === 0) {
            from.name ? next({ name: from.name }) : next('/404')
          } else {
            next()
          }
        } else {
          const permissionStore = usePermissionStore()
          try {
            const { roles } = await userStore.getUserInfo()
            const accessRoutes = await permissionStore.generateRoutes(roles)
            accessRoutes.forEach((route: RouteRecordRaw) => {
              router.addRoute(route)
            })
            next({ ...to, replace: true })
          } catch (error) {
            // 移除 token 并跳转登录页
            await userStore.resetToken()
            next(`/login?redirect=${to.path}`)
            NProgress.done()
          }
        }
      }
    } else {
      // 未登录可以访问白名单页面
      if (whiteList.indexOf(to.path) !== -1) {
        next()
      } else {
        next(`/login?redirect=${to.path}`)
        NProgress.done()
      }
    }
  })

  router.afterEach(() => {
    NProgress.done()
  })
}

差不多是这样的，大概页面就这样了