JavaScirpt中的XMLHttpRequest对象提供了对 HTTP 协议的完全访问,使用该对象可以在不刷新页面的情况与服务器交互数据。XMLHttpRequest是实现AJAX技术的关键对象,本站曾整理过一篇介绍该对象的文章: JS使用XMLHttpRequest对象与服务器进行数据交互 ,今天将介绍使用XMLHttpRequest对象收发JSON格式数据。

应用场景

在工作中有一个应用需要使用验证码,在用户输入验证码后,使用AJAX技术将用户输入内容提交到服务器端进行验证。服务器端数据的收发都是基于JSON格式的,因此,在发送数据时需要设置数据的请求格式,收到服务器响应内容后也要对数据进行处理。

关键代码

var captcha = document.getElementsByName('captcha')[0];  //用户输入验证码的input
captcha.onchange = function(){
    var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
    //使用HTTP POST请求与服务器交互数据
    xhr.open("POST", "/captcha", true);
    //设置发送数据的请求格式
    xhr.setRequestHeader('content-type', 'application/json');
    xhr.onreadystatechange = function() {
        if (xhr.readyState == 4) {
            //根据服务器的响应内容格式处理响应结果
            if(xhr.getResponseHeader('content-type')==='application/json'){
	        var result = JSON.parse(xhr.responseText);	
                //根据返回结果判断验证码是否正确
	  	if(result.code===-1){
                    alert('验证码错误');
	  	}
            } else {
                console.log(xhr.responseText);
	    }
        }
    }
    var sendData = {captcha:this.value};
    //将用户输入值序列化成字符串
    xhr.send(JSON.stringify(sendData));
}

相关代码解释

xhr.open(“POST”, “/captcha”, true):这一句传入了三个参数,第一个参数POST是HTTP请求类型为。/captcha是请求路由,即:请求网址。true表示这是一个异步请求。

xhr.setRequestHeader(‘content-type’, ‘application/json’):这一句实际上是在HTPP请求的header中添加content-type。

xhr.getResponseHeader(‘content-type’)===‘application/json’:这一句是判断服务器的响应内容格式,如果是’application/json’格式就说明可以转换为JSON对象,之后客户端就可以按JSON对象格式进行数据处理。

xhr.send(JSON.stringify(sendData)):xhr.send()方法要求传入数据格式是字符串或Document对象,但传入数据是一个Object,所以需要使用JSON.stringify()将其序列化成字符串。

GitHub 加速计划 / js / json
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适用于现代 C++ 的 JSON。
最近提交(Master分支:3 个月前 )
f06604fc * :page_facing_up: bump the copyright years Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me> * :page_facing_up: bump the copyright years Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me> * :page_facing_up: bump the copyright years Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <niels.lohmann@gmail.com> --------- Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me> Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <niels.lohmann@gmail.com> 7 天前
d23291ba * add a ci step for Json_Diagnostic_Positions Signed-off-by: Harinath Nampally <harinath922@gmail.com> * Update ci.cmake to address review comments Signed-off-by: Harinath Nampally <harinath922@gmail.com> * address review comment Signed-off-by: Harinath Nampally <harinath922@gmail.com> * fix typo in the comment Signed-off-by: Harinath Nampally <harinath922@gmail.com> * fix typos in ci.cmake Signed-off-by: Harinath Nampally <harinath922@gmail.com> * invoke the new ci step from ubuntu.yml Signed-off-by: Harinath Nampally <harinath922@gmail.com> * issue4561 - use diagnostic positions for exceptions Signed-off-by: Harinath Nampally <harinath922@gmail.com> * fix ci_test_documentation check Signed-off-by: Harinath Nampally <harinath922@gmail.com> * address review comments Signed-off-by: Harinath Nampally <harinath922@gmail.com> * fix ci check failures for unit-diagnostic-postions.cpp Signed-off-by: Harinath Nampally <harinath922@gmail.com> * improvements based on review comments Signed-off-by: Harinath Nampally <harinath922@gmail.com> * fix const correctness string Signed-off-by: Harinath Nampally <harinath922@gmail.com> * further refinements based on reviews Signed-off-by: Harinath Nampally <harinath922@gmail.com> * add one more test case for full coverage Signed-off-by: Harinath Nampally <harinath922@gmail.com> * ci check fix - add const Signed-off-by: Harinath Nampally <harinath922@gmail.com> * add unit tests for json_diagnostic_postions only Signed-off-by: Harinath Nampally <harinath922@gmail.com> * fix ci_test_diagnostics Signed-off-by: Harinath Nampally <harinath922@gmail.com> * fix ci_test_build_documentation check Signed-off-by: Harinath Nampally <harinath922@gmail.com> --------- Signed-off-by: Harinath Nampally <harinath922@gmail.com> 8 天前
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