麒麟服务器系统mariadb安装与初始化

1. 基础环境

系统版本：

[root@localhost 桌面]# nkvers
############## Kylin Linux Version #################
Release:
Kylin Linux Advanced Server release V10 (Sword)

Kernel:
4.19.90-24.4.v2101.ky10.x86_64

Build:
Kylin Linux Advanced Server
release V10 (SP2) /(Sword)-x86_64-Build09/20210524
#################################################
[root@localhost 桌面]# 

2. 配置镜像源

如果服务器无法连接外网，并且没有预装 mariadb ，那么就需要先配置镜像源，然后才能安装 mariadb 。如果你的服务器可以连接外网，那么可以跳过这一步，直接按照第3步中的方法安装 mariadb 。

• 上传系统镜像到服务器

这里我把系统镜像上传到 /root 目录。

[root@localhost 桌面]# ls /root/
公共  模板  视频  图片  文档  下载  音乐  桌面  anaconda-ks.cfg  initial-setup-ks.cfg  Kylin-Server-10-SP2-x86-Release-Build09-20210524.iso
[root@localhost 桌面]# 

• 挂载系统镜像

将系统镜像挂载到 /mnt 目录。

[root@localhost 桌面]# mount /root/Kylin-Server-10-SP2-x86-Release-Build09-20210524.iso /mnt
mount: /mnt: WARNING: source write-protected, mounted read-only.
[root@localhost 桌面]# 
[root@localhost 桌面]# 
[root@localhost 桌面]# df -hT
文件系统              类型      容量  已用  可用 已用% 挂载点
devtmpfs              devtmpfs  1.4G     0  1.4G    0% /dev
tmpfs                 tmpfs     1.5G  4.0K  1.5G    1% /dev/shm
tmpfs                 tmpfs     1.5G  9.7M  1.5G    1% /run
tmpfs                 tmpfs     1.5G     0  1.5G    0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/klas-root xfs        66G   14G   52G   21% /
tmpfs                 tmpfs     1.5G   44K  1.5G    1% /tmp
/dev/sda1             xfs      1014M  214M  801M   22% /boot
tmpfs                 tmpfs     289M   44K  289M    1% /run/user/0
/dev/loop0            iso9660   4.1G  4.1G     0  100% /mnt
[root@localhost 桌面]# 

• 创建 /repo 目录

我们需要创建一个 /repo 目录，并将系统镜像中的文件全部拷贝到这个目录下。

[root@localhost 桌面]# mkdir /repo
[root@localhost 桌面]# cp -r /mnt/. /repo/
[root@localhost 桌面]# 
[root@localhost 桌面]# ls -la /repo/
总用量 232
drwxr-xr-x   8 root root    227  5月  1 17:04 .
dr-xr-xr-x. 22 root root   4096  5月  1 17:04 ..
-rw-r--r--   1 root root     53  5月  1 17:04 .discinfo
drwxr-xr-x   3 root root     35  5月  1 17:04 EFI
drwxr-xr-x   3 root root    104  5月  1 17:04 images
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root    256  5月  1 17:04 isolinux
-rw-r--r--   1 root root   1149  5月  1 17:04 .kylin-post-actions
-rw-r--r--   1 root root   2028  5月  1 17:04 .kylin-post-actions-nochroot
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root    214  5月  1 17:04 manual
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root 159744  5月  1 17:04 Packages
-rw-r--r--   1 root root     81  5月  1 17:04 .productinfo
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root   4096  5月  1 17:04 repodata
-r--r--r--   1 root root   2448  5月  1 17:04 TRANS.TBL
-rw-r--r--   1 root root    437  5月  1 17:04 .treeinfo
[root@localhost 桌面]# 

• 修改系统仓库源配置文件

先将系统默认的仓库源配置文件备份。

[root@localhost 桌面]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# 
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls
kylin_x86_64.repo
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# 
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mv kylin_x86_64.repo kylin_x86_64.repo.bak
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# 
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls
kylin_x86_64.repo.bak
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# 

然后新建 local.repo ，在里面添加如下配置。

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# vim local.repo
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# 

配置如下：

###Kylin Linux Advanced Server 10 - os repo###

[ks10-adv-os]
name = Kylin Linux Advanced Server 10 - Os 
baseurl = file:///repo 
gpgcheck = 1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-kylin
enabled = 1

• 清除旧缓存，并重新生成缓存数据。

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum clean all
13 文件已删除
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum makecache 
Kylin Linux Advanced Server 10 - Os                                                                                    288 MB/s | 3.7 MB     00:00    
上次元数据过期检查：0:00:01 前，执行于 2023年05月01日 星期一 17时21分53秒。
元数据缓存已建立。
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# 

3. 安装 mariadb

• 安装 mariadb

[root@localhost 桌面]# yum install mariadb*
上次元数据过期检查：0:16:57 前，执行于 2023年05月01日 星期一 17时21分53秒。
软件包 mariadb-connector-c-3.0.6-7.ky10.x86_64 已安装。
依赖关系解决。
=======================================================================================================================================================
 Package                                      Architecture              Version                                   Repository                      Size
=======================================================================================================================================================
安装:
 mariadb                                      x86_64                    3:10.3.9-9.p02.ky10                       ks10-adv-os                    6.1 M
 mariadb-common                               x86_64                    3:10.3.9-9.p02.ky10                       ks10-adv-os                     28 k
 mariadb-connector-c-devel                    x86_64                    3.0.6-7.ky10                              ks10-adv-os                     47 k
 mariadb-devel                                x86_64                    3:10.3.9-9.p02.ky10                       ks10-adv-os                    1.0 M
 mariadb-errmessage                           x86_64                    3:10.3.9-9.p02.ky10                       ks10-adv-os                    196 k
 mariadb-server                               x86_64                    3:10.3.9-9.p02.ky10                       ks10-adv-os                     18 M

事务概要
=======================================================================================================================================================
安装  6 软件包

总计：25 M
安装大小：136 M
确定吗？[y/N]： y
下载软件包：
运行事务检查
事务检查成功。
运行事务测试
事务测试成功。
运行事务
  准备中  :                                                                                                                                        1/1 
  安装    : mariadb-common-3:10.3.9-9.p02.ky10.x86_64                                                                                              1/6 
  安装    : mariadb-errmessage-3:10.3.9-9.p02.ky10.x86_64                                                                                          2/6 
  运行脚本: mariadb-server-3:10.3.9-9.p02.ky10.x86_64                                                                                              3/6 
  安装    : mariadb-server-3:10.3.9-9.p02.ky10.x86_64                                                                                              3/6 
  运行脚本: mariadb-server-3:10.3.9-9.p02.ky10.x86_64                                                                                              3/6 
  安装    : mariadb-3:10.3.9-9.p02.ky10.x86_64                                                                                                     4/6 
  安装    : mariadb-connector-c-devel-3.0.6-7.ky10.x86_64                                                                                          5/6 
  安装    : mariadb-devel-3:10.3.9-9.p02.ky10.x86_64                                                                                               6/6 
  运行脚本: mariadb-devel-3:10.3.9-9.p02.ky10.x86_64                                                                                               6/6 
/sbin/ldconfig: /usr/lib64/libLLVM-7.so 不是符号链接


  验证    : mariadb-3:10.3.9-9.p02.ky10.x86_64                                                                                                     1/6 
  验证    : mariadb-common-3:10.3.9-9.p02.ky10.x86_64                                                                                              2/6 
  验证    : mariadb-connector-c-devel-3.0.6-7.ky10.x86_64                                                                                          3/6 
  验证    : mariadb-devel-3:10.3.9-9.p02.ky10.x86_64                                                                                               4/6 
  验证    : mariadb-errmessage-3:10.3.9-9.p02.ky10.x86_64                                                                                          5/6 
  验证    : mariadb-server-3:10.3.9-9.p02.ky10.x86_64                                                                                              6/6 

已安装:
  mariadb-3:10.3.9-9.p02.ky10.x86_64            mariadb-common-3:10.3.9-9.p02.ky10.x86_64          mariadb-connector-c-devel-3.0.6-7.ky10.x86_64     
  mariadb-devel-3:10.3.9-9.p02.ky10.x86_64      mariadb-errmessage-3:10.3.9-9.p02.ky10.x86_64      mariadb-server-3:10.3.9-9.p02.ky10.x86_64         

完毕！
[root@localhost 桌面]# 

• 启动 mariadb 并设置开机自启动

[root@localhost 桌面]# systemctl enable --now mariadb.service 
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/mysql.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service.
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/mysqld.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service.
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mariadb.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service.
[root@localhost 桌面]# 

4. 初始化 mariadb

使用 mariadb 自带的 mysql_secure_installation 工具进行初始化配置。

输入 mysql_secure_installation 配置密码，过程如下：

• 第一次要求输入密码，直接回车。

[root@localhost 桌面]# mysql_secure_installation

NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
      SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE!  PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!

In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user.  If you've just installed MariaDB, and
you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
so you should just press enter here.

Enter current password for root (enter for none): 
OK, successfully used password, moving on...

• 是否要设置 root 密码， 输入 Y 。

Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB
root user without the proper authorisation.

Set root password? [Y/n] 

• 输入两次 root 密码。

New password: 
Re-enter new password: 
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
 ... Success!

• 是否删除匿名用户，输入 Y 。

By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for
them.  This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother.  You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.

Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] Y
 ... Success!

• 是否禁止 root 远程登录，视实际情况而定， 建议选 n 。

Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'.  This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.

Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] n
 ... skipping.

• 是否删除自带的 test 数据库，视实际情况而定， 建议选 Y 。

By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access.  This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.

Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] Y
 - Dropping test database...
 ... Success!
 - Removing privileges on test database...
 ... Success!

• 是否重新加载权限表， 输入 Y 。

Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.

Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] Y
 ... Success!

Cleaning up...

All done!  If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
installation should now be secure.

Thanks for using MariaDB!

• 使用设置的 root 密码登录数据库。

[root@localhost 桌面]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 15
Server version: 10.3.9-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
+--------------------+
3 rows in set (0.000 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> quit
Bye