为了做好运维面试路上的助攻手,特整理了上百道 【运维技术栈面试题集锦】 ,让你面试不慌心不跳,高薪offer怀里抱!

这次整理的面试题,小到shell、MySQL,大到K8s等云原生技术栈,不仅适合运维新人入行面试需要,还适用于想提升进阶跳槽加薪的运维朋友。

本份面试集锦涵盖了

  • 174 道运维工程师面试题
  • 128道k8s面试题
  • 108道shell脚本面试题
  • 200道Linux面试题
  • 51道docker面试题
  • 35道Jenkis面试题
  • 78道MongoDB面试题
  • 17道ansible面试题
  • 60道dubbo面试题
  • 53道kafka面试
  • 18道mysql面试题
  • 40道nginx面试题
  • 77道redis面试题
  • 28道zookeeper

总计 1000+ 道面试题, 内容 又全含金量又高

  • 174道运维工程师面试题

1、什么是运维?

2、在工作中,运维人员经常需要跟运营人员打交道,请问运营人员是做什么工作的?

3、现在给你三百台服务器,你怎么对他们进行管理?

4、简述raid0 raid1raid5二种工作模式的工作原理及特点

5、LVS、Nginx、HAproxy有什么区别?工作中你怎么选择?

6、Squid、Varinsh和Nginx有什么区别,工作中你怎么选择?

7、Tomcat和Resin有什么区别,工作中你怎么选择?

8、什么是中间件?什么是jdk?

9、讲述一下Tomcat8005、8009、8080三个端口的含义?

10、什么叫CDN?

11、什么叫网站灰度发布?

12、简述DNS进行域名解析的过程?

13、RabbitMQ是什么东西?

14、讲一下Keepalived的工作原理?

15、讲述一下LVS三种模式的工作过程?

16、mysql的innodb如何定位锁问题,mysql如何减少主从复制延迟?

17、如何重置mysql root密码?

网上学习资料一大堆,但如果学到的知识不成体系,遇到问题时只是浅尝辄止,不再深入研究,那么很难做到真正的技术提升。

需要这份系统化的资料的朋友,可以点击这里获取!

一个人可以走的很快,但一群人才能走的更远!不论你是正从事IT行业的老鸟或是对IT行业感兴趣的新人,都欢迎加入我们的的圈子(技术交流、学习资源、职场吐槽、大厂内推、面试辅导),让我们一起学习成长!

#登录Harbor
docker login -u admin -p Harbor12345 h a r b o r a d d r : 80 / harbor_addr:80/ harboraddr:80/harbor_warehouse/ h a r b o r i m a g e : harbor_image: harborimage:image_version
#拉取镜像
docker pull $imageName
#运行容器
docker run -d --name $harbor_image -p h o s t p o r t : host_port: hostport:container_port $imageName


添加权限,让所有用户可执行脚本



chmod a+x deploy.sh


将deploy脚本移到bin目录下,让其在任何位置都能直接使用



mv deploy.sh /usr/bin/


### 修改Jenkins任务


在镜像推送到Harbor仓库步骤的下面,再添加一个构建后操作


![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/direct/13d8b734ddd645ef88c650ba46cc3dbe.png)  
 选择目标服务器,添加执行脚本和参数命令



deploy.sh 192.168.170.111:80 monster ${JOB_NAME} $version $host_port $container_port


直接deploy.sh,目标服务器放在bin目录下可以直接运行


紧跟着Harbor地址,Monster仓库


JOB\_NAME就是当前Jenkins任务的名称mytest


version就是获取上面拉取的Gitlab标签版本号


![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/direct/d4b7d8368f1e4084a3652d0f523d536d.png)  
 host\_port、container\_port两个参数现在是获取不到的


所以需要再添加两个参数,在上面的参数化构建添加字符参数


![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/direct/beb44c97dded4cf285cb0fb2cf5ee964.png)  
 一个宿主机端口host\_port,默认值8081


一个容器端口container\_port,默认值8080


![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/direct/1b73d757b9bc4ca98c255e9ed95bc1ad.png)


### 构建验证


开始构建,界面可以看见多了两个默认值的参数


![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/direct/3a89879c17b54af6a750f47a49374a4a.png)



Started by user 我是真滴帅
Running as SYSTEM
Building in workspace /var/jenkins_home/workspace/mytest
The recommended git tool is: NONE
No credentials specified

git rev-parse --resolve-git-dir /var/jenkins_home/workspace/mytest/.git # timeout=10
Fetching changes from the remote Git repository
git config remote.origin.url http://192.168.170.111:8888/root/jenkins-cicd-mytest.git # timeout=10
Fetching upstream changes from http://192.168.170.111:8888/root/jenkins-cicd-mytest.git
git --version # timeout=10
git --version # ‘git version 2.30.2’
git fetch --tags --force --progress – http://192.168.170.111:8888/root/jenkins-cicd-mytest.git +refs/heads/:refs/remotes/origin/ # timeout=10
git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/main^{commit} # timeout=10
Checking out Revision b92e927c41d08ab99a8ac8a462535deadc68c972 (refs/remotes/origin/main)
git config core.sparsecheckout # timeout=10
git checkout -f b92e927c41d08ab99a8ac8a462535deadc68c972 # timeout=10
Commit message: “删除docker-compose.yml,修改页面内容”
git rev-list --no-walk b92e927c41d08ab99a8ac8a462535deadc68c972 # timeout=10
[mytest] $ /bin/sh -xe /tmp/jenkins13710554383855071698.sh

  • git checkout v1.0.2
    HEAD is now at b92e927 删除docker-compose.yml,修改页面内容
    [mytest] $ /var/jenkins_home/tools/hudson.tasks.Maven_MavenInstallation/maven/bin/mvn clean package -DskipTests
    [INFO] Scanning for projects…
    [INFO]
    [INFO] -------------------------< com.monster:mytest >-------------------------
    [INFO] Building mytest 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
    [INFO] from pom.xml
    [INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]---------------------------------
    [WARNING] Parameter ‘archive’ is unknown for plugin ‘spring-boot-maven-plugin:2.6.13:repackage (repackage)’
    [INFO]
    [INFO] — clean:3.2.0:clean (default-clean) @ mytest —
    [INFO] Deleting /var/jenkins_home/workspace/mytest/target
    [INFO]
    [INFO] — resources:3.3.1:resources (default-resources) @ mytest —
    [INFO] Copying 2 resources from src/main/resources to target/classes
    [INFO]
    [INFO] — compiler:3.8.1:compile (default-compile) @ mytest —
    [INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
    [INFO] Compiling 4 source files to /var/jenkins_home/workspace/mytest/target/classes
    [INFO]
    [INFO] — resources:3.3.1:testResources (default-testResources) @ mytest —
    [INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory /var/jenkins_home/workspace/mytest/src/test/resources
    [INFO]
    [INFO] — compiler:3.8.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ mytest —
    [INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
    [INFO] Compiling 1 source file to /var/jenkins_home/workspace/mytest/target/test-classes
    [INFO]
    [INFO] — surefire:3.2.2:test (default-test) @ mytest —
    [INFO] Tests are skipped.
    [INFO]
    [INFO] — jar:3.3.0:jar (default-jar) @ mytest —
    [INFO] Building jar: /var/jenkins_home/workspace/mytest/target/mytest.jar
    [INFO]
    [INFO] — spring-boot:2.6.13:repackage (repackage) @ mytest —
    [INFO] Replacing main artifact with repackaged archive
    [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
    [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [INFO] Total time: 2.677 s
    [INFO] Finished at: 2024-03-16T17:27:43Z
    [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [mytest] $ /var/jenkins_home/sonar-scanner/bin/sonar-scanner -Dsonar.host.url=http://192.168.170.111:9000 ******** -Dsonar.projectKey=mytest -Dsonar.projectname=mytest -Dsonar.java.binaries=target -Dsonar.source=./ -Dsonar.projectBaseDir=/var/jenkins_home/workspace/mytest
    INFO: Scanner configuration file: /var/jenkins_home/sonar-scanner/conf/sonar-scanner.properties
    INFO: Project root configuration file: NONE
    INFO: SonarScanner 5.0.1.3006
    INFO: Java 17.0.7 Eclipse Adoptium (64-bit)
    INFO: Linux 3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64 amd64
    INFO: User cache: /var/jenkins_home/.sonar/cache
    INFO: Analyzing on SonarQube server 9.2.3
    INFO: Default locale: “en”, source code encoding: “UTF-8”
    INFO: Load global settings
    INFO: Load global settings (done) | time=614ms
    INFO: Server id: 54000601-AYjKh1Zs1hD1Rss9XdjF
    INFO: User cache: /var/jenkins_home/.sonar/cache
    INFO: Load/download plugins
    INFO: Load plugins index
    INFO: Load plugins index (done) | time=218ms
    INFO: Plugin [l10nzh] defines ‘l10nen’ as base plugin. This metadata can be removed from manifest of l10n plugins since version 5.2.
    INFO: Load/download plugins (done) | time=297ms
    INFO: Process project properties
    INFO: Process project properties (done) | time=1ms
    INFO: Execute project builders
    INFO: Execute project builders (done) | time=1ms
    INFO: Project key: mytest
    INFO: Base dir: /var/jenkins_home/workspace/mytest
    INFO: Working dir: /var/jenkins_home/workspace/mytest/.scannerwork
    INFO: Load project settings for component key: ‘mytest’
    INFO: Load project settings for component key: ‘mytest’ (done) | time=191ms
    INFO: Load project branches
    INFO: Load project branches (done) | time=253ms
    INFO: Load project pull requests
    INFO: Load project pull requests (done) | time=26ms
    INFO: Load branch configuration
    INFO: Load branch configuration (done) | time=1ms
    INFO: Auto-configuring with CI ‘Jenkins’
    INFO: Load quality profiles
    INFO: Load quality profiles (done) | time=600ms
    INFO: Auto-configuring with CI ‘Jenkins’
    INFO: Load active rules
    INFO: Load active rules (done) | time=2826ms
    INFO: Indexing files…
    INFO: Project configuration:
    INFO: 10 files indexed
    INFO: 14 files ignored because of scm ignore settings
    INFO: Quality profile for java: Easyspeed
    INFO: Quality profile for web: Sonar way
    INFO: Quality profile for xml: Sonar way
    INFO: ------------- Run sensors on module mytest
    INFO: Load metrics repository
    INFO: Load metrics repository (done) | time=111ms
    INFO: Sensor JavaSensor [java]
    INFO: Configured Java source version (sonar.java.source): none
    INFO: JavaClasspath initialization
    INFO: JavaClasspath initialization (done) | time=7ms
    INFO: JavaTestClasspath initialization
    INFO: JavaTestClasspath initialization (done) | time=0ms
    INFO: Java “Main” source files AST scan
    INFO: 5 source files to be analyzed
    INFO: Load project repositories
    INFO: Load project repositories (done) | time=225ms
    INFO: 5/5 source files have been analyzed
    WARN: Dependencies/libraries were not provided for analysis of SOURCE files. The ‘sonar.java.libraries’ property is empty. Verify your configuration, as you might end up with less precise results.
    WARN: Unresolved imports/types have been detected during analysis. Enable DEBUG mode to see them.
    INFO: Java “Main” source files AST scan (done) | time=1189ms
    INFO: No “Test” source files to scan.
    INFO: No “Generated” source files to scan.
    INFO: Sensor JavaSensor [java] (done) | time=1406ms
    INFO: Sensor JaCoCo XML Report Importer [jacoco]
    INFO: ‘sonar.coverage.jacoco.xmlReportPaths’ is not defined. Using default locations: target/site/jacoco/jacoco.xml,target/site/jacoco-it/jacoco.xml,build/reports/jacoco/test/jacocoTestReport.xml
    INFO: No report imported, no coverage information will be imported by JaCoCo XML Report Importer
    INFO: Sensor JaCoCo XML Report Importer [jacoco] (done) | time=2ms
    INFO: Sensor CSS Rules [javascript]
    WARN: Error when running: ‘node -v’. Is Node.js available during analysis?
    INFO: Sensor CSS Rules [javascript] (done) | time=1721ms
    INFO: Sensor C# Project Type Information [csharp]
    INFO: Sensor C# Project Type Information [csharp] (done) | time=1ms
    INFO: Sensor C# Analysis Log [csharp]
    INFO: Sensor C# Analysis Log [csharp] (done) | time=16ms
    INFO: Sensor C# Properties [csharp]
    INFO: Sensor C# Properties [csharp] (done) | time=0ms
    INFO: Sensor SurefireSensor [java]
    INFO: parsing [/var/jenkins_home/workspace/mytest/target/surefire-reports]
    INFO: Sensor SurefireSensor [java] (done) | time=2ms
    INFO: Sensor HTML [web]
    INFO: Sensor HTML [web] (done) | time=50ms
    INFO: Sensor XML Sensor [xml]
    INFO: 1 source file to be analyzed
    INFO: 1/1 source file has been analyzed
    INFO: Sensor XML Sensor [xml] (done) | time=179ms
    INFO: Sensor VB.NET Project Type Information [vbnet]
    INFO: Sensor VB.NET Project Type Information [vbnet] (done) | time=1ms
    INFO: Sensor VB.NET Analysis Log [vbnet]
    INFO: Sensor VB.NET Analysis Log [vbnet] (done) | time=12ms
    INFO: Sensor VB.NET Properties [vbnet]
    INFO: Sensor VB.NET Properties [vbnet] (done) | time=0ms
    INFO: Sensor com.github.mc1arke.sonarqube.plugin.scanner.ScannerPullRequestPropertySensor
    INFO: Sensor com.github.mc1arke.sonarqube.plugin.scanner.ScannerPullRequestPropertySensor (done) | time=0ms
    INFO: ------------- Run sensors on project
    INFO: Sensor Zero Coverage Sensor
    INFO: Sensor Zero Coverage Sensor (done) | time=7ms
    INFO: Sensor Java CPD Block Indexer
    INFO: Sensor Java CPD Block Indexer (done) | time=22ms
    INFO: CPD Executor 3 files had no CPD blocks
    INFO: CPD Executor Calculating CPD for 3 files
    INFO: CPD Executor CPD calculation finished (done) | time=6ms
    INFO: Load New Code definition
    INFO: Load New Code definition (done) | time=22ms
    INFO: Analysis report generated in 88ms, dir size=101.0 kB
    INFO: Analysis report compressed in 25ms, zip size=24.7 kB
    INFO: Analysis report uploaded in 55ms
    INFO: ANALYSIS SUCCESSFUL, you can browse http://ci.hkeasyspeed.com/dashboard?id=mytest
    INFO: Note that you will be able to access the updated dashboard once the server has processed the submitted analysis report
    INFO: More about the report processing at http://ci.hkeasyspeed.com/api/ce/task?id=AY5IRf2h3PsONgf4Xut0
    INFO: Analysis total time: 9.763 s
    INFO: ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    INFO: EXECUTION SUCCESS
    INFO: ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    INFO: Total time: 11.504s
    INFO: Final Memory: 18M/67M
    INFO: ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [mytest] $ /bin/sh -xe /tmp/jenkins15276106874998699608.sh
  • mv target/mytest.jar docker
  • docker build -t mytest:v1.0.2 docker/
    DEPRECATED: The legacy builder is deprecated and will be removed in a future release.
    Install the buildx component to build images with BuildKit:
    https://docs.docker.com/go/buildx/

Sending build context to Docker daemon 17.57MB

Step 1/4 : FROM daocloud.io/library/java:8u40-jdk
—> 4aefdb29fd43
Step 2/4 : COPY mytest.jar /usr/local/
—> ee2b2d803137
Step 3/4 : WORKDIR /usr/local
—> Running in 174dacdeaca1
—> Removed intermediate container 174dacdeaca1
—> 8759ed1a2fd5
Step 4/4 : CMD java -jar mytest.jar
—> Running in 735d3d6093e4
—> Removed intermediate container 735d3d6093e4
—> 7180e79a6982
Successfully built 7180e79a6982
Successfully tagged mytest:v1.0.2

  • docker login -u admin -p Harbor12345 192.168.170.111:80
    WARNING! Using --password via the CLI is insecure. Use --password-stdin.
    WARNING! Your password will be stored unencrypted in /var/jenkins_home/.docker/config.json.

最后的话

最近很多小伙伴找我要Linux学习资料,于是我翻箱倒柜,整理了一些优质资源,涵盖视频、电子书、PPT等共享给大家!

资料预览

给大家整理的视频资料:

给大家整理的电子书资料:

如果本文对你有帮助,欢迎点赞、收藏、转发给朋友,让我有持续创作的动力!

网上学习资料一大堆,但如果学到的知识不成体系,遇到问题时只是浅尝辄止,不再深入研究,那么很难做到真正的技术提升。

需要这份系统化的资料的朋友,可以点击这里获取!

一个人可以走的很快,但一群人才能走的更远!不论你是正从事IT行业的老鸟或是对IT行业感兴趣的新人,都欢迎加入我们的的圈子(技术交流、学习资源、职场吐槽、大厂内推、面试辅导),让我们一起学习成长!

img-845pygY1-1715735822278)]

给大家整理的电子书资料:

[外链图片转存中…(img-rG6wT7SE-1715735822278)]

如果本文对你有帮助,欢迎点赞、收藏、转发给朋友,让我有持续创作的动力!

网上学习资料一大堆,但如果学到的知识不成体系,遇到问题时只是浅尝辄止,不再深入研究,那么很难做到真正的技术提升。

需要这份系统化的资料的朋友,可以点击这里获取!

一个人可以走的很快,但一群人才能走的更远!不论你是正从事IT行业的老鸟或是对IT行业感兴趣的新人,都欢迎加入我们的的圈子(技术交流、学习资源、职场吐槽、大厂内推、面试辅导),让我们一起学习成长!

GitHub 加速计划 / ha / harbor
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Harbor 是一个开源的容器镜像仓库,用于存储和管理 Docker 镜像和其他容器镜像。 * 容器镜像仓库、存储和管理 Docker 镜像和其他容器镜像 * 有什么特点:支持多种镜像格式、易于使用、安全性和访问控制
最近提交(Master分支:2 个月前 )
bccfd5fb Signed-off-by: stonezdj <stone.zhang@broadcom.com> 1 天前
d39d9797 Signed-off-by: yminer <miner.yang@broadcom.com> Co-authored-by: yminer <miner.yang@broadcom.com> 2 天前
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旨在为数千万中国开发者提供一个无缝且高效的云端环境,以支持学习、使用和贡献开源项目。

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