基于 `three.js` 实现 VR 看房
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实现一个基于 three.js
的 VR 看房应用涉及多个步骤,包括创建3D模型、设置VR环境、实现用户交互等。以下是一个详细的指南,涵盖如何使用 three.js
实现一个基本的 VR 看房应用。
1. 基础设置
首先,确保你有一个基本的 three.js
项目结构。如果还没有,可以使用以下基本代码进行设置:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Three.js VR House Tour</title>
<style>
body { margin: 0; }
canvas { display: block; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/three.js/r128/three.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/three.js/r128/VRButton.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/three.js/r128/controls/VRButton.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/three.js/r128/VRButton.js"></script>
<script>
// Basic scene setup
const scene = new THREE.Scene();
const camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(75, window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight, 0.1, 1000);
const renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer();
renderer.setSize(window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight);
document.body.appendChild(renderer.domElement);
// Add VR button
document.body.appendChild(VRButton.createButton(renderer));
// Set up VR controls
const controls = new THREE.VRButton(renderer);
camera.position.set(0, 1.6, 3); // Set camera position for VR experience
// Animation loop
function animate() {
renderer.setAnimationLoop(animate);
renderer.render(scene, camera);
}
animate();
</script>
</body>
</html>
2. 加载和创建房屋模型
为了创建房屋模型,可以使用 .glb
或 .gltf
格式的3D模型,这些格式能够很好地与 three.js
兼容。可以使用工具如 Blender 创建模型,并将其导出为 .glb
格式。
2.1 添加 GLTFLoader
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/three.js/r128/loaders/GLTFLoader.js"></script>
2.2 加载房屋模型
const loader = new THREE.GLTFLoader();
loader.load('path/to/your/house_model.glb', function (gltf) {
scene.add(gltf.scene);
gltf.scene.position.set(0, 0, 0); // Adjust the position if needed
gltf.scene.scale.set(1, 1, 1); // Adjust the scale if needed
}, undefined, function (error) {
console.error(error);
});
3. 添加交互和用户控制
在 VR 模式下,用户可以通过 VR 控制器与场景进行交互。例如,可以让用户通过 VR 控制器移动或旋转视角。
3.1 添加控制器
const controllers = [];
const controller1 = renderer.vr.getController(0);
const controller2 = renderer.vr.getController(1);
scene.add(controller1);
scene.add(controller2);
controllers.push(controller1);
controllers.push(controller2);
3.2 设置交互
可以使用 three.js
的 Raycaster
和 Interactables
实现交互。例如,用户可以点击某些对象或按下按钮来触发事件。
const raycaster = new THREE.Raycaster();
const intersectedObjects = [];
function update() {
// Update raycaster
raycaster.updateMatrixWorld();
// Find intersections
const intersects = raycaster.intersectObject(intersectedObjects);
if (intersects.length > 0) {
// Handle interactions
console.log('Intersection detected');
}
}
function animate() {
renderer.setAnimationLoop(animate);
update();
renderer.render(scene, camera);
}
4. 优化和美化
4.1 添加光照
const ambientLight = new THREE.AmbientLight(0x404040); // Ambient light
scene.add(ambientLight);
const directionalLight = new THREE.DirectionalLight(0xffffff, 1);
directionalLight.position.set(5, 5, 5).normalize();
scene.add(directionalLight);
4.2 后处理效果
使用 EffectComposer
添加后处理效果,如景深、抗锯齿等:
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/three.js/r128/postprocessing/EffectComposer.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/three.js/r128/postprocessing/RenderPass.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/three.js/r128/postprocessing/ShaderPass.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/three.js/r128/shaders/CopyShader.js"></script>
const composer = new THREE.EffectComposer(renderer);
const renderPass = new THREE.RenderPass(scene, camera);
composer.addPass(renderPass);
const copyPass = new THREE.ShaderPass(THREE.CopyShader);
copyPass.renderToScreen = true;
composer.addPass(copyPass);
function animate() {
renderer.setAnimationLoop(() => {
composer.render();
});
}
5. 适配不同设备
确保 VR 应用在不同设备上都能良好运行,包括 VR 头盔、桌面和移动设备。根据设备类型调整相机视角、场景规模和控制方式。
6. 完整示例代码
将所有代码片段整合,你可以得到一个完整的示例:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Three.js VR House Tour</title>
<style>
body { margin: 0; }
canvas { display: block; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/three.js/r128/three.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/three.js/r128/VRButton.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/three.js/r128/loaders/GLTFLoader.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/three.js/r128/postprocessing/EffectComposer.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/three.js/r128/postprocessing/RenderPass.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/three.js/r128/postprocessing/ShaderPass.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/three.js/r128/shaders/CopyShader.js"></script>
<script>
// Basic scene setup
const scene = new THREE.Scene();
const camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(75, window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight, 0.1, 1000);
const renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer();
renderer.setSize(window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight);
document.body.appendChild(renderer.domElement);
// Add VR button
document.body.appendChild(VRButton.createButton(renderer));
camera.position.set(0, 1.6, 3);
// Load house model
const loader = new THREE.GLTFLoader();
loader.load('path/to/your/house_model.glb', function (gltf) {
scene.add(gltf.scene);
gltf.scene.position.set(0, 0, 0);
gltf.scene.scale.set(1, 1, 1);
}, undefined, function (error) {
console.error(error);
});
// Lighting
const ambientLight = new THREE.AmbientLight(0x404040);
scene.add(ambientLight);
const directionalLight = new THREE.DirectionalLight(0xffffff, 1);
directionalLight.position.set(5, 5, 5).normalize();
scene.add(directionalLight);
// Post-processing
const composer = new THREE.EffectComposer(renderer);
const renderPass = new THREE.RenderPass(scene, camera);
composer.addPass(renderPass);
const copyPass = new THREE.ShaderPass(THREE.CopyShader);
copyPass.renderToScreen = true;
composer.addPass(copyPass);
// Animation loop
function animate() {
renderer.setAnimationLoop(() => {
composer.render();
});
}
animate();
</script>
</body>
</html>
总结
通过以上步骤,你可以使用 three.js
创建一个基本的 VR 看房应用。这个示例代码涵盖了从设置场景和加载模型到实现 VR 体验和添加后处理效果的全过程。根据实际需要,你可以进一步增强模型细节、增加交互功能和优化性能。
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