实现一个基于 three.js 的 VR 看房应用涉及多个步骤,包括创建3D模型、设置VR环境、实现用户交互等。以下是一个详细的指南,涵盖如何使用 three.js 实现一个基本的 VR 看房应用。

1. 基础设置

首先,确保你有一个基本的 three.js 项目结构。如果还没有,可以使用以下基本代码进行设置:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Three.js VR House Tour</title>
    <style>
        body { margin: 0; }
        canvas { display: block; }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/three.js/r128/three.min.js"></script>
    <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/three.js/r128/VRButton.js"></script>
    <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/three.js/r128/controls/VRButton.js"></script>
    <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/three.js/r128/VRButton.js"></script>
    <script>
        // Basic scene setup
        const scene = new THREE.Scene();
        const camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(75, window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight, 0.1, 1000);
        const renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer();
        renderer.setSize(window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight);
        document.body.appendChild(renderer.domElement);

        // Add VR button
        document.body.appendChild(VRButton.createButton(renderer));

        // Set up VR controls
        const controls = new THREE.VRButton(renderer);

        camera.position.set(0, 1.6, 3);  // Set camera position for VR experience

        // Animation loop
        function animate() {
            renderer.setAnimationLoop(animate);
            renderer.render(scene, camera);
        }
        animate();
    </script>
</body>
</html>

2. 加载和创建房屋模型

为了创建房屋模型,可以使用 .glb.gltf 格式的3D模型,这些格式能够很好地与 three.js 兼容。可以使用工具如 Blender 创建模型,并将其导出为 .glb 格式。

2.1 添加 GLTFLoader
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/three.js/r128/loaders/GLTFLoader.js"></script>
2.2 加载房屋模型
const loader = new THREE.GLTFLoader();
loader.load('path/to/your/house_model.glb', function (gltf) {
    scene.add(gltf.scene);
    gltf.scene.position.set(0, 0, 0); // Adjust the position if needed
    gltf.scene.scale.set(1, 1, 1); // Adjust the scale if needed
}, undefined, function (error) {
    console.error(error);
});

3. 添加交互和用户控制

在 VR 模式下,用户可以通过 VR 控制器与场景进行交互。例如,可以让用户通过 VR 控制器移动或旋转视角。

3.1 添加控制器
const controllers = [];
const controller1 = renderer.vr.getController(0);
const controller2 = renderer.vr.getController(1);
scene.add(controller1);
scene.add(controller2);
controllers.push(controller1);
controllers.push(controller2);
3.2 设置交互

可以使用 three.jsRaycasterInteractables 实现交互。例如,用户可以点击某些对象或按下按钮来触发事件。

const raycaster = new THREE.Raycaster();
const intersectedObjects = [];

function update() {
    // Update raycaster
    raycaster.updateMatrixWorld();
    
    // Find intersections
    const intersects = raycaster.intersectObject(intersectedObjects);
    if (intersects.length > 0) {
        // Handle interactions
        console.log('Intersection detected');
    }
}

function animate() {
    renderer.setAnimationLoop(animate);
    update();
    renderer.render(scene, camera);
}

4. 优化和美化

4.1 添加光照
const ambientLight = new THREE.AmbientLight(0x404040); // Ambient light
scene.add(ambientLight);

const directionalLight = new THREE.DirectionalLight(0xffffff, 1);
directionalLight.position.set(5, 5, 5).normalize();
scene.add(directionalLight);
4.2 后处理效果

使用 EffectComposer 添加后处理效果,如景深、抗锯齿等:

<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/three.js/r128/postprocessing/EffectComposer.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/three.js/r128/postprocessing/RenderPass.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/three.js/r128/postprocessing/ShaderPass.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/three.js/r128/shaders/CopyShader.js"></script>
const composer = new THREE.EffectComposer(renderer);

const renderPass = new THREE.RenderPass(scene, camera);
composer.addPass(renderPass);

const copyPass = new THREE.ShaderPass(THREE.CopyShader);
copyPass.renderToScreen = true;
composer.addPass(copyPass);

function animate() {
    renderer.setAnimationLoop(() => {
        composer.render();
    });
}

5. 适配不同设备

确保 VR 应用在不同设备上都能良好运行,包括 VR 头盔、桌面和移动设备。根据设备类型调整相机视角、场景规模和控制方式。

6. 完整示例代码

将所有代码片段整合,你可以得到一个完整的示例:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Three.js VR House Tour</title>
    <style>
        body { margin: 0; }
        canvas { display: block; }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/three.js/r128/three.min.js"></script>
    <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/three.js/r128/VRButton.js"></script>
    <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/three.js/r128/loaders/GLTFLoader.js"></script>
    <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/three.js/r128/postprocessing/EffectComposer.js"></script>
    <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/three.js/r128/postprocessing/RenderPass.js"></script>
    <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/three.js/r128/postprocessing/ShaderPass.js"></script>
    <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/three.js/r128/shaders/CopyShader.js"></script>
    <script>
        // Basic scene setup
        const scene = new THREE.Scene();
        const camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(75, window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight, 0.1, 1000);
        const renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer();
        renderer.setSize(window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight);
        document.body.appendChild(renderer.domElement);

        // Add VR button
        document.body.appendChild(VRButton.createButton(renderer));

        camera.position.set(0, 1.6, 3);

        // Load house model
        const loader = new THREE.GLTFLoader();
        loader.load('path/to/your/house_model.glb', function (gltf) {
            scene.add(gltf.scene);
            gltf.scene.position.set(0, 0, 0);
            gltf.scene.scale.set(1, 1, 1);
        }, undefined, function (error) {
            console.error(error);
        });

        // Lighting
        const ambientLight = new THREE.AmbientLight(0x404040);
        scene.add(ambientLight);

        const directionalLight = new THREE.DirectionalLight(0xffffff, 1);
        directionalLight.position.set(5, 5, 5).normalize();
        scene.add(directionalLight);

        // Post-processing
        const composer = new THREE.EffectComposer(renderer);
        const renderPass = new THREE.RenderPass(scene, camera);
        composer.addPass(renderPass);
        const copyPass = new THREE.ShaderPass(THREE.CopyShader);
        copyPass.renderToScreen = true;
        composer.addPass(copyPass);

        // Animation loop
        function animate() {
            renderer.setAnimationLoop(() => {
                composer.render();
            });
        }
        animate();
    </script>
</body>
</html>

总结

通过以上步骤,你可以使用 three.js 创建一个基本的 VR 看房应用。这个示例代码涵盖了从设置场景和加载模型到实现 VR 体验和添加后处理效果的全过程。根据实际需要,你可以进一步增强模型细节、增加交互功能和优化性能。

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