一、数据库技术构成

1. 数据库系统 DBS

数据库管理系统（DataBase Management System， DBMS）: ORACLE、MySQL、DB2

2. SQL语言（结构化查询语言）

A. DDL语句 数据库定义语言： 数据库、表、视图、索引、存储过程、函数， CREATE DROP ALTER

B. DML语句 数据库操纵语言： 插入数据INSERT、删除数据DELETE、更新数据UPDATE、查询数据 SELECT

C. DCL语句 数据库控制语言： 例如控制用户的访问权限GRANT、REVOKE

3. 数据访问技术

A. ODBC PHP <.php>

B. JDBC JAVA <.jsp>

二、RPM安装

1、相关软件包

mysql-community-client-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 客户端

mysql-community-devel-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 开发库

mysql-community-embedded-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 嵌入式

mysql-community-server-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 服务端

mysql-community-libs-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 共享库

mysql-community-test-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 测试组件

由于RHEL7以后安装光盘不再提供MySQL，可以将所有的RPM包下载下来安装，也可以配置 MySQL官方提供的YUM源文件。https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/repo/yum/

2、yum源方式下载

# yum install -y https://repo.mysql.com//mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm

# yum list | grep "mysql-community" //查询MySQl包；

mysql-community-client.i686 5.7.19-1.el7 mysql57-community

mysql-community-client.x86_64 5.7.19-1.el7 mysql57-community

mysql-community-common.i686 5.7.19-1.el7 mysql57-community

mysql-community-common.x86_64 5.7.19-1.el7 mysql57-community

mysql-community-devel.i686 5.7.19-1.el7 mysql57-community

mysql-community-devel.x86_64 5.7.19-1.el7 mysql57-community

mysql-community-embedded.i686 5.7.19-1.el7 mysql57-community

mysql-community-embedded.x86_64 5.7.19-1.el7 mysql57-community

mysql-community-embedded-compat.i686 5.7.19-1.el7 mysql57-community

mysql-community-embedded-compat.x86_64 5.7.19-1.el7 mysql57-community

mysql-community-embedded-devel.i686 5.7.19-1.el7 mysql57-community

mysql-community-embedded-devel.x86_64 5.7.19-1.el7 mysql57-community

mysql-community-libs.i686 5.7.19-1.el7 mysql57-community

mysql-community-libs.x86_64 5.7.19-1.el7 mysql57-community

mysql-community-libs-compat.i686 5.7.19-1.el7 mysql57-community

mysql-community-libs-compat.x86_64 5.7.19-1.el7 mysql57-community

mysql-community-release.noarch el7-7 mysql57-community

mysql-community-server.x86_64 5.7.19-1.el7 mysql57-community

mysql-community-test.x86_64 5.7.19-1.el7 mysql57-community

 

注意:安装MySQL yum install mysql-community-client mysql-community-server 时需要卸载 mariadb-libs等包。CentOS7系统支持MariaDB数据库；

 

三、安装MySQL RPM包安装方式：

1、安装步骤：

1、卸载Mariadb # rpm -e mariadb-libs postfix

2、安装 # yum localinstall mysql-community-client-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-server-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-libs-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-common-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

2、启动MySQL服务：

# systemctl start mysqld

# systemctl enable mysqld

3、查看MySQL默认密码：

mysql安装完成之后，在/var/log/mysqld.log文件中给root生成了一个默认密码。通过下面的方式找到root默认密码，然后登录mysql进行修改：

# grep "temporary password" /var/log/mysqld.log

2017-08-04T15:14:25.922138Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: Ng21WK5INA_x （默认密码为：Ng21WK5INA_x)

4、登陆MySQL：

mysql -uroot -p

修改MySQL密码：

alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'ABC123,com';

四、使用MySQL（Linux - Generic）二进制安装：

1、下载glibc版本的MySQL : https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/community/

mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz

2、新建用户以安全方式运行进程

# groupadd -r -g 36 mysql

# useradd -r -u 36 -g 36 -s /sbin/nolgin -M mysql

3、安装并初始化mysql

# tar xvf mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/

# cd /usr/local/

# ln -sv mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64/ mysql

# chown -R mysql.mysql mysql/*

初始化

# cd mysql

# bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql

--datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

记住密钥：

A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: rlrrF!tk>2d=

4、 新建mysql主配置文件/etc/my.cnf 默认配置文件：support-files/ my-default.cnf

#cp support-files/ my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf

# vim /etc/my.cnf

[client]

port = 3306

socket = /tmp/mysql.sock

[mysqld]

server_id=10

port = 3306

user = mysql

character-set-server = utf8

default_storage_engine = innodb

log_timestamps = SYSTEM

socket = /tmp/mysql.sock

basedir = /usr/local/mysql

datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data

pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysqld.pid

max_connections = 1000

max_connect_errors = 1000

table_open_cache = 1024

max_allowed_packet = 128M

open_files_limit = 65535

#####====================================

[innodb]

innodb_buffer_pool_size = 1024M

innodb_file_per_table = 1

innodb_write_io_threads = 4

innodb_read_io_threads = 4

innodb_purge_threads = 2

innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1

innodb_log_file_size = 512M

innodb_log_files_in_group = 2

innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M

innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 80

innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 30

innodb_data_file_path=ibdata1:1024M:autoextend

 

#####====================================[log]==============================

log_error = /var/log/mysql-error.log

slow_query_log = 1

long_query_time = 1

slow_query_log_file = /var/log/mysql-slow.log

sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES

 

5、修改MySQL sysv服务脚本

# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld

# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld

6、启动MySQL

# chkconfig --add mysqld #添加为系统服务

# chkconfig mysqld on #开机自启动

# systemctl start mysqld

7、将MySQL 的bin目录加入PATH环境变量，编辑/etc/profile文件 使用mysql客户端命令

方法1：使用绝对路径 # /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql

方法2:添加环境变量

# cd /etc/profile.d/

# vim mysql.sh

export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin //添加内容

# source mysql.sh

8、修改MySQL密码：

alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'ABC123,com';

 

五、源码安装：

说明：从5.5开始使用cmake编译。在mysql5.7后编译安装需要boost的支持

Boost库：一个开源可移植的C++库，是C++标准化进程的开发引擎之一。

1、安装开发工具和开发包

# yum install gcc-c++ cmake ncurses-devel

2、编译安装MySQL

1）解压 # tar xf mysql-boost-5.7.18.tar.gz -C /usr/local/src/

2）使用cmake编译MySQL

备注：cmake指定编译选项的方式不同于make，其实现方式对比如下：

./configure cmake .

./configure --help cmake . -LH or ccmake .

注意：如果想清理此前的编译所生成的文件重新编译，则需要使用如下两条命令：

make clean；

rm CMakeCache.txt 清理缓存文件

3、编译MySQL文件：

#cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \

-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data \

-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \

-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \

-DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all \

-DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \

-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \

-DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \

-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \

-DWITH_INNODB_MEMCACHED=1 \

-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \

-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysql.sock \

-DWITH_BOOST=boost

cmake参数：https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/source-configuration-options.html

 

4）编译安装 # make && make install

5、新建mysql主配置文件/etc/my.cnf 默认配置文件：support-files/ my-default.cnf

#cp support-files/ my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf

# vim /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]

basedir = /usr/local/mysql

datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data

# port = .....

socket = /tmp/mysql.sock

symbolic-links=0

[mysqld_safe]

pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/mysqld/pid

log_error = /usr/local/mysql/mysql_error.log

character_set_server=utf8

6、初始化 创建用户

# groupadd -g 36 mysql

# useradd -r -u 36 -g 36 -s /sbin/nolgin -M mysql

创建数据库存放目录并授权

# mkdir /usr/local/mysql/data -p

# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/data

初始化mysql

# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

7、为mysql提供sysv服务脚本

# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld

# chkconfig --add mysqld

# chkconfig mysqld on

8、修改PATH环境变量，让系统可以直接使用mysql的相关命令l

# vim /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh

export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin

# source mysql.sh

启动MySQL：# systemctl start mysql

9、修改MySQL密码：

alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'ABC123,com';

六、验证服务器：

测试来检查服务器是否已启动并响应连接

#bin/mysqladmin version # bin/mysqladmin variables

#bin/mysqladmin -u root -p version

使用mysqlshow查看存在的数据库：

#mysqlshow -uroot -p

mysqlshow -uroot -p mysql（数据库表名）