【Python学习实践教程】10个Python经典项目实战,练手必备
Python 是一种面向对象、解释型、弱类型的脚本语言,它也是一种功能强大而完善的通用型语言。相比其他编程语言(比如 Java),Python 代码非常简单,上手非常容易。比如我们要完成某个功能,如果用 Java 需要 100 行代码,但用 Python 可能只需要 20 行代码,这是 Python 具有巨大吸引力的一大特点。此外,Python 的社区也很发达,即使一些小众的应用场景,Python
前言
Python 是一种面向对象、解释型、弱类型的脚本语言,它也是一种功能强大而完善的通用型语言。
相比其他编程语言(比如 Java),Python 代码非常简单,上手非常容易。比如我们要完成某个功能,如果用 Java 需要 100 行代码,但用 Python 可能只需要 20 行代码,这是 Python 具有巨大吸引力的一大特点。
Python 的两大特色是清晰的语法和可扩展性:
- Python 的语法非常清晰,它甚至不是一种格式自由的语言。例如,它要求 if 语句的下一行必须向右缩进,否则不能通过编译。
- Python的可扩展性体现为它的模块,Python 具有脚本语言中最丰富和强大的类库(这些类库被形象地称为“batteries included,内置电池”),这些类库覆盖了文件 I/O、GUI、网络编程、数据库访问、文本操作等绝大部分应用场景。
此外,Python 的社区也很发达,即使一些小众的应用场景,Python 往往也有对应的开源模块来提供解决方案。
Python 作为一门解释型的语言,它天生具有跨平台的特征,只要为平台提供了相应的 Python 解释器,Python 就可以在该平台上运行。(解释型语言几乎天然是跨平台的。)
那Python这么火爆,几乎可以说是人人都要学Python,但是学是一回事,用又是另一回事了。理论终将是纸上谈兵,是骡子是马得拉出来溜溜。为了帮助大家更快的掌握Python,我给大家准备了10个Python经典项目实战,附带源码等。快来看看吧
1.Python Hello World 实例
<span style="color:#000000"><span style="background-color:#282c34"><code class="language-python"><span style="color:#5c6370"># -*- coding: UTF-8 -*- </span>
<span style="color:#5c6370"># Filename : helloworld.py </span>
<span style="color:#5c6370"># author by : www.runoob.com </span>
<span style="color:#5c6370"># 该实例输出 Hello World! print('Hello World!')</span>
</code></span></span>
执行以上代码输出结果为:
Hello World!
2.Python 数字求和
<span style="color:#000000"><span style="background-color:#282c34"><code class="language-python"><span style="color:#5c6370"># -*- coding: UTF-8 -*- </span>
<span style="color:#5c6370"># Filename : test.py </span>
<span style="color:#5c6370"># author by : www.runoob.com </span>
<span style="color:#5c6370"># 用户输入数字 num1 = input('输入第一个数字:')</span>
num2 <span style="color:#669900">=</span> <span style="color:#669900">input</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">'输入第二个数字:'</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span>
<span style="color:#5c6370"># 求和 sum = float(num1) + float(num2) </span>
<span style="color:#5c6370"># 显示计算结果 print('数字 {0} 和 {1} 相加结果为:{2}'.format(num1, num2, sum))</span>
</code></span></span>
执行以上代码输出结果为:
输入第一个数字:1.5
输入第二个数字:2.5 数字 1.5 和 2.5
相加结果为:4.0
3.Python 平方根
<span style="color:#000000"><span style="background-color:#282c34"><code class="language-python"><span style="color:#5c6370"># -*- coding: UTF-8 -*- </span>
<span style="color:#5c6370"># Filename : test.py </span>
<span style="color:#5c6370"># author by : www.runoob.com </span>
num <span style="color:#669900">=</span> <span style="color:#669900">float</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">input</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">'请输入一个数字:'</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span> num_sqrt <span style="color:#669900">=</span> num <span style="color:#669900">**</span> <span style="color:#98c379">0.5</span>
<span style="color:#c678dd">print</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">' %0.3f 的平方根为 %0.3f'</span><span style="color:#669900">%</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span>num <span style="color:#999999">,</span>num_sqrt<span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span>
</code></span></span>
执行以上代码输出结果为:
$ python test.py
请输入一个数字:4
4.000 的平方根为 2.000
4.Python 二次方程执行以上代码输出结果为:
$ python test.py
输入 a: 1
输入 b: 5
输入 c: 6
结果为 (-3+0j) 和 (-2+0j)
该实例中,我们使用了 cmath (complex math) 模块的 sqrt() 方法 来计算 平方根。
5.Python 计算三角形的面积
<span style="color:#000000"><span style="background-color:#282c34"><code class="language-python"><span style="color:#5c6370"># -*- coding: UTF-8 -*- </span>
<span style="color:#5c6370"># Filename : test.py </span>
<span style="color:#5c6370"># author by : www.runoob.com </span>
a <span style="color:#669900">=</span> <span style="color:#669900">float</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">input</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">'输入三角形第一边长: '</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span>
b <span style="color:#669900">=</span> <span style="color:#669900">float</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">input</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">'输入三角形第二边长: '</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span>
c <span style="color:#669900">=</span> <span style="color:#669900">float</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">input</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">'输入三角形第三边长: '</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span>
<span style="color:#5c6370"># 计算半周长 </span>
s <span style="color:#669900">=</span> <span style="color:#999999">(</span>a <span style="color:#669900">+</span> b <span style="color:#669900">+</span> c<span style="color:#999999">)</span> <span style="color:#669900">/</span> <span style="color:#98c379">2</span>
<span style="color:#5c6370"># 计算面积 </span>
area <span style="color:#669900">=</span> <span style="color:#999999">(</span>s<span style="color:#669900">*</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span>s<span style="color:#669900">-</span>a<span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#669900">*</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span>s<span style="color:#669900">-</span>b<span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#669900">*</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span>s<span style="color:#669900">-</span>c<span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span> <span style="color:#669900">**</span> <span style="color:#98c379">0.5</span>
<span style="color:#c678dd">print</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">'三角形面积为 %0.2f'</span> <span style="color:#669900">%</span>area<span style="color:#999999">)</span>
</code></span></span>
执行以上代码输出结果为:
$ python test.py
输入三角形第一边长: 5
输入三角形第二边长: 6
输入三角形第三边长: 7
三角形面积为 14.70
6.Python 计算圆的面积
<span style="color:#000000"><span style="background-color:#282c34"><code class="language-python"><span style="color:#5c6370"># 定义一个方法来计算圆的面积 </span>
<span style="color:#c678dd">def</span> <span style="color:#61aeee">findArea</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span>r<span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">:</span>
PI <span style="color:#669900">=</span> <span style="color:#98c379">3.142</span>
<span style="color:#c678dd">return</span> PI <span style="color:#669900">*</span> <span style="color:#999999">(</span>r<span style="color:#669900">*</span>r<span style="color:#999999">)</span>
<span style="color:#5c6370"># 调用方法 </span>
<span style="color:#c678dd">print</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">"圆的面积为 %.6f"</span> <span style="color:#669900">%</span> findArea<span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#98c379">5</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span>
</code></span></span>
以上实例输出结果为:
圆的面积为 78.550000
7.Python 随机数生成
<span style="color:#000000"><span style="background-color:#282c34"><code class="language-python"><span style="color:#5c6370"># -*- coding: UTF-8 -*- </span>
<span style="color:#5c6370"># Filename : test.py </span>
<span style="color:#5c6370"># author by : www.runoob.com</span>
<span style="color:#5c6370"># 生成 0 ~ 9 之间的随机数 </span>
<span style="color:#5c6370"># 导入 random(随机数) 模块 </span>
<span style="color:#c678dd">import</span> random
<span style="color:#c678dd">print</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span>random<span style="color:#999999">.</span>randint<span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#98c379">0</span><span style="color:#999999">,</span><span style="color:#98c379">9</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span>
</code></span></span>
执行以上代码输出结果为:
4
以上实例我们使用了 random 模块的 randint() 函数来生成随机数,你每次 执行后都返回不同的数字(0 到 9),该函数的语法为: random.randint(a,b)
8.Python 摄氏温度转华氏温度
<span style="color:#000000"><span style="background-color:#282c34"><code class="language-python"><span style="color:#5c6370"># -*- coding: UTF-8 -*- </span>
<span style="color:#5c6370"># Filename : test.py </span>
<span style="color:#5c6370"># author by : www.runoob.com </span>
<span style="color:#5c6370"># 用户输入摄氏温度 </span>
<span style="color:#5c6370"># 接收用户输入 </span>
celsius <span style="color:#669900">=</span> <span style="color:#669900">float</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">input</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">'输入摄氏温度: '</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span>
<span style="color:#5c6370"># 计算华氏温度 </span>
fahrenheit <span style="color:#669900">=</span> <span style="color:#999999">(</span>celsius <span style="color:#669900">*</span> <span style="color:#98c379">1.8</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span> <span style="color:#669900">+</span> <span style="color:#98c379">32</span>
<span style="color:#c678dd">print</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">'%0.1f 摄氏温度转为华氏温度为 %0.1f '</span> <span style="color:#669900">%</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span>celsius<span style="color:#999999">,</span>fahrenheit<span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span>
</code></span></span>
执行以上代码输出结果为:
输入摄氏温度: 38 38.0
摄氏温度转为华氏温度为 100.4
以上实例中,摄氏温度转华氏温度的公式为 celsius * 1.8 = fahrenheit - 32。所以得到以下式子:
celsius = (fahrenheit - 32) / 1.8
9.Python 交换变量
<span style="color:#000000"><span style="background-color:#282c34"><code class="language-python"><span style="color:#5c6370"># -*- coding: UTF-8 -*- </span>
<span style="color:#5c6370"># Filename : test.py </span>
<span style="color:#5c6370"># author by : www.runoob.com </span>
<span style="color:#5c6370"># 用户输入 </span>
x <span style="color:#669900">=</span> <span style="color:#669900">input</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">'输入 x 值: '</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span>
y <span style="color:#669900">=</span> <span style="color:#669900">input</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">'输入 y 值: '</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span>
<span style="color:#5c6370"># 创建临时变量,并交换 </span>
temp <span style="color:#669900">=</span> x
x <span style="color:#669900">=</span> y
y <span style="color:#669900">=</span> temp
<span style="color:#c678dd">print</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">'交换后 x 的值为: {}'</span><span style="color:#999999">.</span><span style="color:#669900">format</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span>x<span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span>
<span style="color:#c678dd">print</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">'交换后 y 的值为: {}'</span><span style="color:#999999">.</span><span style="color:#669900">format</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span>y<span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span>
</code></span></span>
执行以上代码输出结果为:
输入 x 值: 2
输入 y 值: 3
交换后 x 的值为: 3
交换后 y 的值为: 2
以上实例中,我们创建了临时变量 temp ,并将 x 的值存储在 temp 变量中, 接着将 y 值赋给 x,最后将 temp 赋值给 y 变量。
不使用临时变量 我们也可以不创建临时变量,用一个非常优雅的方式来交换变量:
x,y = y,x
所以以上实例就可以修改为:
<span style="color:#000000"><span style="background-color:#282c34"><code class="language-python">实例
<span style="color:#5c6370"># -*- coding: UTF-8 -*- </span>
<span style="color:#5c6370"># Filename : test.py </span>
<span style="color:#5c6370"># author by : www.runoob.com </span>
<span style="color:#5c6370"># 用户输入</span>
x <span style="color:#669900">=</span> <span style="color:#669900">input</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">'输入 x 值: '</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span>
y <span style="color:#669900">=</span> <span style="color:#669900">input</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">'输入 y 值: '</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span>
<span style="color:#5c6370"># 不使用临时变量 </span>
x<span style="color:#999999">,</span>y <span style="color:#669900">=</span> y<span style="color:#999999">,</span>x
<span style="color:#c678dd">print</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">'交换后 x 的值为: {}'</span><span style="color:#999999">.</span><span style="color:#669900">format</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span>x<span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span>
<span style="color:#c678dd">print</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">'交换后 y 的值为: {}'</span><span style="color:#999999">.</span><span style="color:#669900">format</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span>y<span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span>
</code></span></span>
执行以上代码输出结果为:
输入 x 值: 1
输入 y 值: 2
交换后 x 的值为: 2
交换后 y 的值为: 1
10.Python if 语句
<span style="color:#000000"><span style="background-color:#282c34"><code class="language-python"><span style="color:#5c6370"># Filename : test.py </span>
<span style="color:#5c6370"># author by : www.runoob.com </span>
<span style="color:#5c6370"># 用户输入数字 </span>
num <span style="color:#669900">=</span> <span style="color:#669900">float</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">input</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">"输入一个数字: "</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span>
<span style="color:#c678dd">if</span> num <span style="color:#669900">></span> <span style="color:#98c379">0</span><span style="color:#999999">:</span>
<span style="color:#c678dd">print</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">"正数"</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span>
<span style="color:#c678dd">elif</span> num <span style="color:#669900">==</span> <span style="color:#98c379">0</span><span style="color:#999999">:</span>
<span style="color:#c678dd">print</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">"零"</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span>
<span style="color:#c678dd">else</span><span style="color:#999999">:</span>
<span style="color:#c678dd">print</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">"负数"</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span>
</code></span></span>
执行以上代码输出结果为:
输入一个数字: 3
正数
我们也可以使用内嵌 if 语句来实现:
<span style="color:#000000"><span style="background-color:#282c34"><code class="language-python"><span style="color:#5c6370"># Filename :test.py </span>
<span style="color:#5c6370"># author by : www.runoob.com </span>
<span style="color:#5c6370"># 内嵌 if 语句 </span>
num <span style="color:#669900">=</span> <span style="color:#669900">float</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">input</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">"输入一个数字: "</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span>
<span style="color:#c678dd">if</span> num <span style="color:#669900">>=</span> <span style="color:#98c379">0</span><span style="color:#999999">:</span>
<span style="color:#c678dd">if</span> num <span style="color:#669900">==</span> <span style="color:#98c379">0</span><span style="color:#999999">:</span>
<span style="color:#c678dd">print</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">"零"</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span>
<span style="color:#c678dd">else</span><span style="color:#999999">:</span>
<span style="color:#c678dd">print</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">"正数"</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span>
<span style="color:#c678dd">else</span><span style="color:#999999">:</span>
<span style="color:#c678dd">print</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#669900">"负数"</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span>
</code></span></span>
执行以上代码输出结果为:
输入一个数字: 0
零
今天的十个案例就分享到这了,更多案例可以查看下方目录。如需获取可私信我,或评论区留言,我看到后会一 一回复。
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