只用STM32单片机+SD卡+耳机插座,实现播放MP3播放器!

STM32软解MP3的方案,即不使用硬件解码器芯片,直接用STM32和软件库解码MP3文件。常见的软解库有labmad和Helix,Helix相对labmad占用的RAM更少。多数参考的STM32软解MP3方案还是用了外接IIS接口WM98xx之类的音频DAC芯片播放音频,稍显复杂繁琐。STM32F407Vx本身就自带了2路12位DAC输出,最高刷新速度333kHz,除了分辨率差点意思,速度上对于MP3通常44.1kHz采样率来说,用来播放音频绰绰有余了。本文给的方案和源码,直接用STM32软解码MP3文件数据,并使用STM32自带的2个DAC输出引脚,输出左右声道音频,可接入耳机或功放收听。

原理:STM32从SD读取MP3文件原始数据,发送给Helix库解码,Helix解码后输出PCM数据流,将此数据进一步处理转换后,按照左右声道分别存入DAC输出1和2缓存,通过定时器以MP3文件的采样率的频率提供DAC触发节拍,通过DMA取缓存中高12位数据给DAC,在DAC1和2引脚产生音频波形,通过电容耦合到耳机的左右声道上。

MP3源文件是一种经过若干算法,将原始音频数据压缩得来的,软件解码的过程是逆过程,将压缩的音频反向转换为记录了左右声道、幅值的数据流,通常是PCM格式。

PCM:是模拟信号以固定的采样频率转换成数字信号后的表现形式。记录了音频采样的数据,双通道、16bit的PCM数据格式是以0轴为中心,范围为-32768~32767的数值,每个数据占用2字节,左声道和右声道交替存储,如图。

 软解码得到的PCM数据到STM32的DAC缓存需要进一步处理。STM32的DAC是12位的,其输入范围0~4095,而双通道16位的PCM音频数据是左右声道交替存储,且数据范围-32768~32767,因此PCM到STM32的DAC缓存要按照顺序一拆为二,分为左右声道,每个数据再加上32768,使其由short int的范围转换为unsigned short int,即0~65535。由于PCM数据是对音频的采样,因此调节音量(幅值)可以在此步骤一并处理,即音频数据 x 音量 /最大音量。至于DAC是12位,只需将DAC模式设置为左对齐12位,舍弃低4位即可。

到此,STM32的DAC输出引脚上应该已经有音频信号了,通常DAC引脚上串联一个1~10uF的电容用来耦合音频信号,电容越大音质越好,低音越强,电容另一端接耳机插座的左声道/右声道,插上耳机就可以欣赏音乐啦!至于音质,个人认为和商品MP3播放器差不多。如果不串联电容,DAC引脚直连耳机插座左右声道也能听到声音,就是有些数字信号噪声也会传进来。如果希望噪声小一些,DAC引脚输出端加一个下图的低通滤波电路也是可以的。

 

  

Helix移植:

Helix源码的官网我没找到,直接用了野火的例程里面的代码,移植也很简单,不用改任何代码,只需要将Helix文件夹拷贝到工程目录里,然后在Keil中添加好文件,以及添加头文件途径,编译即可。工程目录如图。

源码:dac配置

dac.c

/**
  ******************************************************************************
  * @file    dac.c
  * @author  ZL
  * @version V0.0.1
  * @date    September-20-2019
  * @brief   DAC configuration.
  ******************************************************************************
*/
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "dac.h"

/* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
#define   CNT_FREQ          84000000      // TIM6 counter clock (prescaled APB1)

/* DHR registers offsets */
#define DHR12R1_OFFSET             ((uint32_t)0x00000008)
#define DHR12R2_OFFSET             ((uint32_t)0x00000014)
#define DHR12RD_OFFSET             ((uint32_t)0x00000020)

/* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/
uint32_t DAC_DHR12R1_ADDR = (uint32_t)DAC_BASE + DHR12R1_OFFSET + DAC_Align_12b_L;
uint32_t DAC_DHR12R2_ADDR = (uint32_t)DAC_BASE + DHR12R2_OFFSET + DAC_Align_12b_L;

uint16_t DAC_buff[2][DAC_BUF_LEN]; //DAC1、DAC2输出缓冲

/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
static void TIM6_Config(void);

/* Private functions ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/**
  * @brief  DAC初始化
  * @param  none
  * @retval none
*/
void DAC_Config(void)
{
	GPIO_InitTypeDef  GPIO_InitStructure;
	DAC_InitTypeDef  DAC_InitStructure;
	
	RCC_AHB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_AHB1Periph_GPIOA, ENABLE);
	RCC_APB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB1Periph_DAC, ENABLE);
	
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_4 | GPIO_Pin_5;
	
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AN;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_OType = GPIO_OType_PP;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_PuPd = GPIO_PuPd_NOPULL;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_100MHz;
	GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStructure);
		
	DAC_InitStructure.DAC_WaveGeneration = DAC_WaveGeneration_None;
	DAC_InitStructure.DAC_Trigger = DAC_Trigger_T6_TRGO;
	DAC_InitStructure.DAC_OutputBuffer = DAC_OutputBuffer_Enable;
	DAC_Init(DAC_Channel_1, &DAC_InitStructure);
	DAC_Init(DAC_Channel_2, &DAC_InitStructure);
	
	//配置DMA
	DMA_InitTypeDef DMA_InitStruct;
	DMA_StructInit(&DMA_InitStruct);
	
	RCC_AHB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_AHB1Periph_DMA1, ENABLE);
	
	DMA_InitStruct.DMA_PeripheralBaseAddr = (u32)DAC_DHR12R1_ADDR;
	DMA_InitStruct.DMA_Memory0BaseAddr = (u32)&DAC_buff[0];//DAC1
	DMA_InitStruct.DMA_DIR = DMA_DIR_MemoryToPeripheral;
	DMA_InitStruct.DMA_BufferSize = DAC_BUF_LEN;
	DMA_InitStruct.DMA_PeripheralInc = DMA_PeripheralInc_Disable;
	DMA_InitStruct.DMA_MemoryInc = DMA_MemoryInc_Enable;
	DMA_InitStruct.DMA_PeripheralDataSize = DMA_PeripheralDataSize_HalfWord;
	DMA_InitStruct.DMA_MemoryDataSize = DMA_MemoryDataSize_HalfWord;
	DMA_InitStruct.DMA_Mode = DMA_Mode_Circular;
	DMA_InitStruct.DMA_Priority = DMA_Priority_High;
	DMA_InitStruct.DMA_Channel = DMA_Channel_7;
	DMA_InitStruct.DMA_FIFOMode = DMA_FIFOMode_Disable;
	DMA_InitStruct.DMA_FIFOThreshold = DMA_FIFOThreshold_HalfFull;
  DMA_InitStruct.DMA_MemoryBurst   = DMA_MemoryBurst_Single;
  DMA_InitStruct.DMA_PeripheralBurst = DMA_PeripheralBurst_Single;
	
	DMA_Init(DMA1_Stream5, &DMA_InitStruct);
		
	DMA_InitStruct.DMA_PeripheralBaseAddr = (u32)DAC_DHR12R2_ADDR;
	DMA_InitStruct.DMA_Memory0BaseAddr = (u32)&DAC_buff[1];//DAC2
	DMA_Init(DMA1_Stream6, &DMA_InitStruct);
		
	//开启DMA传输完成中断
	NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure;
	
  NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = DMA1_Stream6_IRQn;
  NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = 0;
  NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 1;
  NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;
  NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);
	
	DMA_ClearITPendingBit(DMA1_Stream6, DMA_IT_TCIF6);
	DMA_ClearITPendingBit(DMA1_Stream6, DMA_IT_HTIF6);
	DMA_ITConfig(DMA1_Stream6, DMA_IT_TC, ENABLE);
	DMA_ITConfig(DMA1_Stream6, DMA_IT_HT, ENABLE);

//	DMA_Cmd(DMA1_Stream5, ENABLE);
//	DMA_Cmd(DMA1_Stream6, ENABLE);
	DAC_Cmd(DAC_Channel_1, ENABLE);
  DAC_Cmd(DAC_Channel_2, ENABLE);
	
	DAC_DMACmd(DAC_Channel_1, ENABLE);
	DAC_DMACmd(DAC_Channel_2, ENABLE);
	
	TIM6_Config();
}

//配置DAC采样率和DMA数据长度,并启动DMA DAC
void DAC_DMA_Start(uint32_t freq, uint16_t len)
{
	//设置DMA缓冲长度需要停止DMA
	DAC_DMA_Stop();
	//设置DMA DAC缓冲长度
	DMA_SetCurrDataCounter(DMA1_Stream5, len);
	DMA_SetCurrDataCounter(DMA1_Stream6, len);
	
	//设置定时器
	TIM_SetAutoreload(TIM6, (uint16_t)((CNT_FREQ)/freq));
	
	//启动
	DMA_Cmd(DMA1_Stream5, ENABLE);
	DMA_Cmd(DMA1_Stream6, ENABLE);
}

//停止DMA DAC
void DAC_DMA_Stop(void)
{
	DMA_Cmd(DMA1_Stream5, DISABLE);
	DMA_Cmd(DMA1_Stream6, DISABLE);
}

//定时器6用于设置DAC刷新率
static void TIM6_Config(void)
{
  TIM_TimeBaseInitTypeDef TIM6_TimeBase;

  RCC_APB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB1Periph_TIM6, ENABLE);
  TIM_TimeBaseStructInit(&TIM6_TimeBase); 
	
  TIM6_TimeBase.TIM_Period        = (uint16_t)((CNT_FREQ)/44100);
  TIM6_TimeBase.TIM_Prescaler     = 0;
  TIM6_TimeBase.TIM_ClockDivision = 0;
  TIM6_TimeBase.TIM_CounterMode   = TIM_CounterMode_Up;
  TIM_TimeBaseInit(TIM6, &TIM6_TimeBase);
	
  TIM_SelectOutputTrigger(TIM6, TIM_TRGOSource_Update);
  TIM_Cmd(TIM6, ENABLE);
}

/**
  * @brief  DAC out1 PA4输出电压
  * @param  dat:dac数值:,0~4095
  * @retval none
*/
void DAC_Out1(uint16_t dat)
{
	DAC_SetChannel1Data(DAC_Align_12b_R,  dat);
	DAC_SoftwareTriggerCmd(DAC_Channel_1, ENABLE);
}

/**
  * @brief  DAC out2 PA5输出电压
  * @param  dat:dac数值:,0~4095
  * @retval none
*/
void DAC_Out2(uint16_t dat)
{
	DAC_SetChannel2Data(DAC_Align_12b_R,  dat);
	DAC_SoftwareTriggerCmd(DAC_Channel_2, ENABLE);
}

/********************************************* *****END OF FILE****/

源码:MP3播放流程 (原创野火,参考了野火的例程,本人进行整理和修改)

MP3player.c

/*
******************************************************************************
* @file    mp3Player.c
* @author  fire
* @version V1.0
* @date    2023-08-13
* @brief   mp3解码
******************************************************************************
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include "ff.h" 
#include "mp3Player.h"
#include "mp3dec.h"
#include "dac.h"
#include "led.h"

/* 推荐使用以下格式mp3文件:
 * 采样率:44100Hz
 * 声  道:2
 * 比特率:320kbps
 */

/* 处理立体声音频数据时,输出缓冲区需要的最大大小为2304*16/8字节(16为PCM数据为16位),
 * 这里我们定义MP3BUFFER_SIZE为2304
 */
#define MP3BUFFER_SIZE  2304
#define INPUTBUF_SIZE   3000

static HMP3Decoder		Mp3Decoder;			/* mp3解码器指针	*/
static MP3FrameInfo		Mp3FrameInfo;		/* mP3帧信息  */
static MP3_TYPE mp3player;            /* mp3播放设备 */
volatile uint8_t Isread = 0;          /* DMA传输完成标志 */
volatile uint8_t dac_ht = 0;          //DAC dma 半传输标志

uint32_t led_delay = 0;

uint8_t inputbuf[INPUTBUF_SIZE]={0};     /* 解码输入缓冲区,1940字节为最大MP3帧大小  */
static short outbuffer[MP3BUFFER_SIZE];  /* 解码输出缓冲区*/

static FIL file;			/* file objects */
static UINT bw;       /* File R/W count */
FRESULT result; 

//从SD卡读取MP3源文件进行解码,并传入DAC缓冲区
int MP3DataDecoder(uint8_t **read_ptr, int *bytes_left)
{
	int err = 0, i = 0, outputSamps = 0;

	//bufflag开始解码 参数:mp3解码结构体、输入流指针、输入流大小、输出流指针、数据格式
	err = MP3Decode(Mp3Decoder, read_ptr, bytes_left, outbuffer, 0);
	
	if (err != ERR_MP3_NONE)	//错误处理
	{
		switch (err)
		{
			case ERR_MP3_INDATA_UNDERFLOW:
							printf("ERR_MP3_INDATA_UNDERFLOW\r\n");
							result = f_read(&file, inputbuf, INPUTBUF_SIZE, &bw);
							*read_ptr = inputbuf;
							*bytes_left = bw;
				break;		
			case ERR_MP3_MAINDATA_UNDERFLOW:
							/* do nothing - next call to decode will provide more mainData */
							printf("ERR_MP3_MAINDATA_UNDERFLOW\r\n");
				break;		
			default:
							printf("UNKNOWN ERROR:%d\r\n", err);		
							// 跳过此帧
							if (*bytes_left > 0)
							{
								(*bytes_left) --;
								read_ptr ++;
							}
				break;
		}
		return 0;
	}
	else		//解码无错误,准备把数据输出到PCM
	{
		MP3GetLastFrameInfo(Mp3Decoder, &Mp3FrameInfo);		//获取解码信息				
		/* 输出到DAC */
		outputSamps = Mp3FrameInfo.outputSamps;						//PCM数据个数
		if (outputSamps > 0)
		{
			if (Mp3FrameInfo.nChans == 1)	//单声道
			{
				//单声道数据需要复制一份到另一个声道
				for (i = outputSamps - 1; i >= 0; i--)
				{
					outbuffer[i * 2] = outbuffer[i];
					outbuffer[i * 2 + 1] = outbuffer[i];
				}
				outputSamps *= 2;
			}//if (Mp3FrameInfo.nChans == 1)	//单声道
		}//if (outputSamps > 0)
					
		//将数据传送至DMA DAC缓冲区
		for (i = 0; i < outputSamps/2; i++)
		{
			if(dac_ht == 1)
			{
				DAC_buff[0][i] = outbuffer[2*i] * mp3player.ucVolume /100 + 32768;
				DAC_buff[1][i] = outbuffer[2*i+1] * mp3player.ucVolume /100 + 32768;
			}
			else
			{
				DAC_buff[0][i+outputSamps/2] = outbuffer[2*i] * mp3player.ucVolume /100 + 32768;
				DAC_buff[1][i+outputSamps/2] = outbuffer[2*i+1] * mp3player.ucVolume /100 + 32768;
			}
		}
		
		return 1;
	}//else 解码正常
}

//读取一段MP3数据,并把读取的指针赋值read_ptr,长度赋值bytes_left
uint8_t read_file(const char *mp3file, uint8_t **read_ptr, int *bytes_left)
{
	result = f_read(&file, inputbuf, INPUTBUF_SIZE, &bw);
	
	if(result != FR_OK)
	{
		printf("读取%s失败 -> %d\r\n", mp3file, result);
		return 0;
	}
	else
	{
		*read_ptr = inputbuf;
		*bytes_left = bw;
		
		return 1;
	}
}

/**
  * @brief  MP3格式音频播放主程序
  * @param  mp3file MP3文件路径
  * @retval 无
  */
void mp3PlayerDemo(const char *mp3file)
{
	uint8_t *read_ptr = inputbuf;
	int	read_offset = 0;				/* 读偏移指针 */
	int	bytes_left = 0;					/* 剩余字节数 */	
	
	mp3player.ucStatus = STA_IDLE;
	mp3player.ucVolume = 15; //音量值,100满
	
	//尝试打开MP3文件
	result = f_open(&file, mp3file, FA_READ);
	if(result != FR_OK)
	{
		printf("Open mp3file :%s fail!!!->%d\r\n", mp3file, result);
		result = f_close (&file);
		return;	/* 停止播放 */
	}
	printf("当前播放文件 -> %s\n", mp3file);
	
	//初始化MP3解码器
	Mp3Decoder = MP3InitDecoder();	
	if(Mp3Decoder == 0)
	{
		printf("初始化helix解码库设备失败!\r\n");
		return;	/* 停止播放 */
	}
	else
	{
		printf("初始化helix解码库完成\r\n");
	}
	
	//尝试读取一段MP3数据,并把读取的指针赋值read_ptr,长度赋值bytes_left
	if(!read_file(mp3file, &read_ptr, &bytes_left))
	{
		MP3FreeDecoder(Mp3Decoder);
		return;	/* 停止播放 */
	}
	
	//尝试解码成功
	if(MP3DataDecoder(&read_ptr, &bytes_left))
	{
		//打印MP3信息
		printf(" \r\n Bitrate       %dKbps", Mp3FrameInfo.bitrate/1000);
		printf(" \r\n Samprate      %dHz",   Mp3FrameInfo.samprate);
		printf(" \r\n BitsPerSample %db",    Mp3FrameInfo.bitsPerSample);
		printf(" \r\n nChans        %d",     Mp3FrameInfo.nChans);
		printf(" \r\n Layer         %d",     Mp3FrameInfo.layer);
		printf(" \r\n Version       %d",     Mp3FrameInfo.version);
		printf(" \r\n OutputSamps   %d",     Mp3FrameInfo.outputSamps);
		printf("\r\n");
		
		//启动DAC,开始发声
		if (Mp3FrameInfo.nChans == 1)	//单声道要将outputSamps*2
		{
			DAC_DMA_Start(Mp3FrameInfo.samprate, 2 * Mp3FrameInfo.outputSamps);
		}
		else//双声道直接用Mp3FrameInfo.outputSamps
		{
			DAC_DMA_Start(Mp3FrameInfo.samprate, Mp3FrameInfo.outputSamps);
		}
	}
	else //解码失败
	{
		MP3FreeDecoder(Mp3Decoder);
		return;
	}
	
	/* 放音状态 */
	mp3player.ucStatus = STA_PLAYING;
	
	/* 进入主程序循环体 */
	while(mp3player.ucStatus == STA_PLAYING)
	{
			//寻找帧同步,返回第一个同步字的位置
			read_offset = MP3FindSyncWord(read_ptr, bytes_left);
			if(read_offset < 0)					//没有找到同步字
			{
				if(!read_file(mp3file, &read_ptr, &bytes_left))//重新读取一次文件再找
				{
					continue;//回到while(mp3player.ucStatus == STA_PLAYING)后面
				}
			}
			else//找到同步字
			{			
				read_ptr   += read_offset;	//偏移至同步字的位置
				bytes_left -= read_offset;	//同步字之后的数据大小	
				
				if(bytes_left < 1024)				//如果剩余的数据小于1024字节,补充数据
				{
					/* 注意这个地方因为采用的是DMA读取,所以一定要4字节对齐  */
					u16 i = (uint32_t)(bytes_left)&3;	//判断多余的字节
					if(i) i=4-i;						//需要补充的字节
					memcpy(inputbuf+i, read_ptr, bytes_left);	//从对齐位置开始复制
					read_ptr = inputbuf+i;										//指向数据对齐位置
					result = f_read(&file, inputbuf+bytes_left+i, INPUTBUF_SIZE-bytes_left-i, &bw);//补充数据
					if(result != FR_OK)
					{
						printf("读取%s失败 -> %d\r\n",mp3file,result);
						break;
					}
					bytes_left += bw;		//有效数据流大小
				}
			}
			
			//MP3数据解码并送入DAC缓存
			if(!MP3DataDecoder(&read_ptr, &bytes_left))
			{//如果播放出错,Isread置1,避免卡住死循环
				Isread = 1;
			}
			
			//mp3文件读取完成,退出
			if(file.fptr == file.fsize)
			{
				printf("单曲播放完毕\r\n");
				break;
			}	

			//等待DAC发送一半或全部中断
			while(Isread == 0)
			{
				led_delay++;
				if(led_delay == 0xffffff)
				{
					led_delay=0;
					LED1_TROG;
				}
				//Input_scan();		//等待DMA传输完成,此间可以运行按键扫描及处理事件
			}
			Isread = 0;
	}

	//运行到此处,说明单曲播放完成,收尾工作
	DAC_DMA_Stop();//停止喂DAC数据	
	mp3player.ucStatus = STA_IDLE;
	MP3FreeDecoder(Mp3Decoder);//清理缓存
	f_close(&file);	
}

void DMA1_Stream6_IRQHandler(void)
{
	if(DMA_GetITStatus(DMA1_Stream6, DMA_IT_HTIF6) != RESET) //半传输
	{	
		dac_ht = 1;		
		Isread=1;
		
    DMA_ClearITPendingBit(DMA1_Stream6, DMA_IT_HTIF6);
  }
	
	if(DMA_GetITStatus(DMA1_Stream6, DMA_IT_TCIF6) != RESET) //全传输
	{
		dac_ht = 0;
		Isread=1;
		
    DMA_ClearITPendingBit(DMA1_Stream6, DMA_IT_TCIF6);
  }
}

/***************************** (END OF FILE) *********************************/

源码:main.c

/**
  ******************************************************************************
  * @file    ../User/main.c 
  * @author  ZL
  * @version V1.0
  * @date    2015-12-26
  * @brief   Main program body
  ******************************************************************************
**/

/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "hw_includes.h"
#include "ff.h"  
#include "exfuns.h"  
#include "mp3Player.h"

//遍历目录文件并打印输出
u8 scan_files(u8 * path)
{
	FRESULT res;
	char buf[512] = {0};	
  char *fn;
	
#if _USE_LFN
 	fileinfo.lfsize = _MAX_LFN * 2 + 1;
	fileinfo.lfname = buf;
#endif
 
	res = f_opendir(&dir,(const TCHAR*)path);
	if (res == FR_OK) 
	{	
		printf("\r\n"); 
		
		while(1){
			
			res = f_readdir(&dir, &fileinfo);                
			if (res != FR_OK || fileinfo.fname[0] == 0) break;  
 
#if _USE_LFN
			fn = *fileinfo.lfname ? fileinfo.lfname : fileinfo.fname;
#else							   
			fn = fileinfo.fname;
#endif	    

			printf("%s/", path);			
			printf("%s\r\n", fn);			
		} 
  }	  
 
  return res;	  
}

/**
  * @brief  Main program
  * @param  None
  * @retval None
  */
int main(void)
{	
	delay_init(168);
	usart1_Init(115200);
	LED_Init();
	DAC_Config();

	if(!SD_Init())
 	{
		exfuns_init();							//为fatfs相关变量申请内存				 
		f_mount(fs[0],"0:",1); 					//挂载SD卡 
	}

	//打印SD目录和文件
	scan_files("0:");
	
	LED0_ON;
	 		
	while (1)
	{
		mp3PlayerDemo("0:/断桥残雪.MP3");
		mp3PlayerDemo("0:/张国荣-玻璃之情.MP3");

		delay_ms(50);
	}
}

为方便调试测试,使用usart1打印数据。实测效果:

程序源码与原理图,测试音频:

链接:https://pan.baidu.com/s/10hYXkrqnuBQgs0DWKLUUOA?pwd=iatt 
提取码:iatt

知道这里下载要积分登录什么的麻烦得很,所以程序放到百度网盘了,假如连接失效,记得在评论区喊我更新!

理论上STM32F1或者其他系列也能用这个方案,要自己改改测试喽,本文把思路分享出来抛砖引玉。

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