linux下docker安装、镜像下载、镜像基础操作、容器基础操作
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目录
1、docker search //从Docker Hub搜索镜像
一、环境准备
1、开启虚拟化
2、关闭防火墙
[root@agent ~] systemctl stop firewalld.service
[root@agent ~] setenforce 0
[root@agent ~] iptables -F
[root@agent ~] hostnamectl set-hostname docker
[root@agent ~] bash
[root@docker ~]
3、yum仓库获取阿里源（清华、京东都可以）
[root@docker yum.repos.d] ll
总用量 12
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 195 7月 18 20:31 backup
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2523 8月 4 2022 Centos-7.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2523 7月 17 2020 Centos-7.repo.0
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 630 11月 23 2020 CentOS-Media.repo
4、确保能ping到外网
[root@docker ~] ping www.baidu.com
PING www.baidu.com (220.181.38.150) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 220.181.38.150 (220.181.38.150): icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=6.62 ms
64 bytes from 220.181.38.150 (220.181.38.150): icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=6.54 ms
二、安装docker
1、yum安装docker
[root@docker ~] yum -y install docker
subscription-manager.x86_64 0:1.24.51-1.el7.centos
subscription-manager-rhsm.x86_64 0:1.24.51-1.el7.centos
subscription-manager-rhsm-certificates.x86_64 0:1.24.51-1.el7.centos
usermode.x86_64 0:1.111-6.el7
yajl.x86_64 0:2.0.4-4.el7
完毕！
2、启动docker并设置开机自启
[root@docker ~] systemctl start docker
[root@docker ~] systemctl enable docker
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/docker.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service.
[root@docker ~]# docker version
Client:
Version: 1.13.1
API version: 1.26
Package version: docker-1.13.1-209.git7d71120.el7.centos.x86_64
Go version: go1.10.3
Git commit: 7d71120/1.13.1
Built: Wed Mar 2 15:25:43 2022
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
3、安装docker-ce阿里镜像加速器
[root@docker ~] wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
[root@docker ~] yum -y install yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
[root@docker ~] yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
[root@docker ~] systemctl daemon-reload
[root@docker ~] systemctl restart docker
[root@docker ~] docker version
Client:
Version: 1.13.1
API version: 1.26
Package version: docker-1.13.1-209.git7d71120.el7.centos.x86_64
Go version: go1.10.3
Git commit: 7d71120/1.13.1
Built: Wed Mar 2 15:25:43 2022
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
三、docker基本操作
1、查看版本
2、查看详细信息
四、镜像操作
1、docker search //从Docker Hub搜索镜像
命令格式：docker search 关键字
参数：
--automated=false 仅显示自动创建的镜像
--no-trunc=false 输出信息不截断显示
-s, --stars=0 指定仅显示评价为指定星级以上的镜像
2、获取镜像
[root@docker ~]# docker pull nginx
[root@docker ~]# docker pull centos
3、查看镜像信息
4、获取镜像详细信息
5、 为镜像添加新的标签
6、删除镜像
docker rmi 镜像名称[:标签] 或者 docker rmi 镜像ID
7、存出镜像和载入镜像
存：
[root@docker ~] docker save -o nginx-images nginx
[root@docker ~] ls -l nginx-images
-rw-------. 1 root root 191071744 7月 31 13:50 nginx-images
载入：
[root@docker ~] docker save -o nginx-images nginx
[root@docker ~] ls -l nginx-images
-rw-------. 1 root root 191071744 7月 31 13:50 nginx-images
[root@docker ~] docker rmi nginx
Untagged: nginx:latest
Deleted: sha256:89da1fb6dcb964dd35c3f41b7b93ffc35eaf20bc61f2e1335fea710a18424287
Deleted: sha256:e5afcbbf8f223b546a1db3d4f3c83064f346a2a8e17d4bfbaec1d12c90e2a6e3
Deleted: sha256:fda03119193d4611de17fa3d1eb9f02fb94333ac5d27ca507139a09ba0eaba1d
Deleted: sha256:04d32bbd70d3d7e3368290157afdfb502799784b7c60d87487e77c7aafd67d2d
Deleted: sha256:00d0e91fd006a5c96ec790434df1bb4ee545d84b34554ac2fbe5667568f916a1
Deleted: sha256:4f15baf3c136dbeff8c6f90737f0e54bd641095fd6441e359a1789ccbe554714
Deleted: sha256:748e3217b5fa76ff3ebd97186a6fcb595b92611ca87f480ea3d622e460c9a212
Deleted: sha256:c6e34807c2d51444c41c15f4fda65847faa2f43c9b4b976a2f6f476eca7429ce
[root@docker ~] docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
docker.io/centos latest 5d0da3dc9764 22 months ago 231 MB
[root@docker ~]# docker load --input nginx-images
c6e34807c2d5: Loading layer [==================================================>] 77.81 MB/77.81 MB
24ee1d7d6a62: Loading layer [==================================================>] 113.2 MB/113.2 MB
4deafab383fa: Loading layer [==================================================>] 3.584 kB/3.584 kB
8aedfcd777c7: Loading layer [==================================================>] 4.608 kB/4.608 kB
c88d3a8ff009: Loading layer [==================================================>] 2.56 kB/2.56 kB
abc3beec4b30: Loading layer [==================================================>] 5.12 kB/5.12 kB
922d16116201: Loading layer [==================================================>] 7.168 kB/7.168 kB
Loaded image: docker.io/nginx:latest
五、容器操作
1、创建容器与运行容器
- -i 让容器的输入保持打开
- -t 让Docker 分配一个伪终端
- -d 守护进程形式运行
[root@docker ~] docker create -it centos /bin/bash
5f97269757c19434948b415f2fad13791783dec1d59f4a7b375b98d826c70c71
注意：如果创建容器命令报错“WARNING: IPv4 forwarding is disabled. Networking will not work.
”，就使用vi编辑器打开/etc/sysctl.conf文件，在其中添加net.ipv4.ip_forward=1，然后使用sysctl -p命令加载配置。
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
[root@localhost ~]# sysctl -p
2、查看运行状态
[root@docker ~] docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
5f97269757c1 centos "/bin/bash" About a minute ago Created kickass_bassi
3、容器启动与停止
#启动
[root@docker ~] docker start 5f
5f
[root@docker ~] docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
5f97269757c1 centos "/bin/bash" 2 minutes ago Up 7 seconds kickass_bassi
#停止
[root@docker ~] docker stop 5f
5f
[root@docker ~] docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
4、容器运行命令
[root@docker ~] docker run centos /bin/bash -c ls /
bin
dev
etc
home
lib
lib64
lost+found
media
mnt
opt
proc
root
run
sbin
srv
sys
tmp
usr
var
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