springcloud教程 -- 1.快速搭建入门级demo,看这一篇就够了
废话不多讲,跟紧我,开启你的SpringCloud初体验
首先回顾微服务的基本组成:
[图片 here]
生产者:提供服务
消费者:消费服务
服务注册/发现中心:服务注册,发现,监控
所以,首先明白springcloud微服务的架构基础 :生产者(client),消费者(client),服务注册/发现中心(server)
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预先说明!!springboot与SpringCloud及SpringCloud的相关组件有版本兼容问题,以下代码中选择的版本都是经过实际测试,请勿随意修改版本,否则会出现未知问题!
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先看demo结构:基础组件学习共需要创建7个小spring-boot项目,本章节先创建其中4个基础项目,其余组件的学习后续加入进来即可, JDK统一选择1.8
首先创建父工程 j-cloud
创建简单的名为j-cloud的springboot工程,打包方式为pom,pom.xml如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>cn.jorian.framework</groupId>
<artifactId>j-cloud</artifactId>
<version>1.0.0</version>
<packaging>pom</packaging>
<name>j-cloud</name>
<!-- FIXME change it to the project's website -->
<url>http://www.example.com</url>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.11</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- Swagger API文档 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>io.springfox</groupId>
<artifactId>springfox-swagger2</artifactId>
<version>2.9.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.springfox</groupId>
<artifactId>springfox-swagger-ui</artifactId>
<version>2.9.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.github.xiaoymin</groupId>
<artifactId>swagger-bootstrap-ui</artifactId>
<version>1.9.3</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.springfox</groupId>
<artifactId>springfox-bean-validators</artifactId>
<version>2.9.2</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<modules>
</modules>
</project>
一,创建服务注册发现中心工程:j-cloud-server-eureka
1.在父工程j-cloud右击创建一个module: j-cloud-server-eureka
2.填写相关信息
3.新创建的模块结构如下:
4.模块j-cloud-server-eureka的pom.xml如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.2.4.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>cn.jorian.framework</groupId>
<artifactId>j-cloud-server-eureka</artifactId>
<version>1.0.0</version>
<name>j-cloud-server-eureka</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<spring-cloud.version>Hoxton.SR1</spring-cloud.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<!--eureka-server-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--LOMBOK-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>1.16.20</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
<artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
5.模块j-cloud-server-eureka的application.yml如下
spring:
security:
basic:
enabled: true
user:
name: jorian
password: 123456
server:
port: 8761
eureka:
client:
register-with-eureka: false
fetch-registry: false
service-url:
defaultZone: http://jorian:123456@localhost:8761/eureka
注意 :yml格式的文件有特殊要求,必须树形结构,不能有tab,具体请百度
6.模块j-cloud-server-eureka的启动类需加上注解@EnableEurekaServer, 来声明其是一个基于Eureka的服务注册发现中心
package cn.jorian.framework.jcloudservereureka;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.server.EnableEurekaServer;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaServer //标明是一个server
public class JCloudServerEurekaApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(JCloudServerEurekaApplication.class, args);
System.out.println("---服务监控访问地址"+"http://localhost:8761");
}
}
7.启动j-cloud-server-eureka服务:
执行main方法启动springboot工程
8.在浏览器访问:http://localhost:8761,查看eureka服务注册发现中心是否启动
启动成功界面如下:
二,创建生产者模块:j-cloud-provider1
1.同上,在父工程j-cloud右击创建一个module: j-cloud-provider1
2.填写相关信息,打包方式为jar
3.整个工程结构如下:
4.生产者模块j-cloud-provider1的pom.xml如下
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.2.4.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>cn.jorian.framework</groupId>
<artifactId>j-cloud-provider1</artifactId>
<version>1.0.0</version>
<name>j-cloud-provider1</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<spring-cloud.version>Hoxton.SR1</spring-cloud.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<!--eureka-client 依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--LOMBOK-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>1.16.20</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<!--单元测试依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
<artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
<version>2.2.4.RELEASE</version>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
5.生产者模块j-cloud-provider1的application.yml如下, 此处注意配置文件中声明了服务注册中心的地址
# 应用端口
server:
port: 7901
spring:
application:
# 应用名称
name: provider-user
# eureka 配置
eureka:
client:
serviceUrl:
defaultZone: http://jorian:123456@localhost:8761/eureka
logging:
level:
root: INFO
6.生产者模块j-cloud-provider1的启动类如下,添加注解:@EnableEurekaClient来声明其是一个client(生产者或者消费者,在这里他是生产者)
package cn.jorian.framework;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
/**
* @author jorian
*/
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient //表明这是一个eureka客户端
public class JCloudProvider1Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(JCloudProvider1Application.class, args);
}
}
7.创建UserController.java,用来提供测试用的API
UserController.java代码
package cn.jorian.framework.controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {
@RequestMapping("/sayHello")
public String sayhello(){
return "I`m provider 1 ,Hello consumer!";
}
@RequestMapping("/sayHi")
public String sayHi(){
return "I`m provider 1 ,Hello consumer!";
}
@RequestMapping("/sayHaha")
public String sayHaha(){
return "I`m provider 1 ,Hello consumer!";
}
}
8.执行main方法,启动生产者模块: j-cloud-provider1
9.在浏览器访问或者刷新:http://localhost:8761,在eureka服务注册发现中心查看生产者服务是否已被发现注册
注册成功如下:可以看到应用名称,访问地址,也可以自行测试接口的返回结果
三,创建消费者:j-cloud-sonsumer
1.同上,在父工程j-cloud右击创建一个module:j-cloud-sonsumer
2.填写相关信息,打包方式为jar
3.整个消费者模块:j-cloud-sonsumer工程结构如下:
4.消费者模块:j-cloud-sonsumer的pom.xml如下
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.2.4.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>cn.jorian.framework</groupId>
<artifactId>j-cloud-consumer</artifactId>
<version>1.0.0</version>
<name>j-cloud-consumer</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<spring-cloud.version>Hoxton.SR1</spring-cloud.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--LOMBOK-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>1.16.20</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
<artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
<version>2.2.4.RELEASE</version>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
5. 消费者模块:j-cloud-sonsumer的application.yml如下
server:
port: 8001
spring:
application:
name: j-cloud-consumer
# eureka 配置
eureka:
client:
serviceUrl:
defaultZone: http://jorian:123456@localhost:8761/eureka
logging:
level:
root: INFO
6.消费者模块:j-cloud-sonsumer的启动类如下,添加注解:@EnableEurekaClient来声明其是一个client(生产者或者消费者,在这里他是消费者)
package cn.jorian.framework;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
public class JCloudConsumerApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(JCloudConsumerApplication.class, args);
}
}
7.创建HelloController对外提供访问API
HelloController代码如下:
package cn.jorian.framework.controller;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
/**
*
* @author jorian
*
*/
@RestController
public class HelloController {
@Bean
@LoadBalanced
public RestTemplate getResttemplate(){
return new RestTemplate();
}
@Autowired
private RestTemplate resttemplate;
@RequestMapping("/hello")
public String hello(){
//指出服务地址 http://{服务提供者应用名名称}/{具体的controller}
String url="http://provider-user/user/sayHello";
//返回值类型和我们的业务返回值一致
return resttemplate.getForObject(url, String.class);
}
@RequestMapping("/hi")
public String hi(){
//指出服务地址 http://{服务提供者应用名名称}/{具体的controller}
String url="http://provider-user/user/sayHi";
//返回值类型和我们的业务返回值一致
return resttemplate.getForObject(url, String.class);
}
@RequestMapping("/haha")
public String haha(){
//指出服务地址 http://{服务提供者应用名名称}/{具体的controller}
String url="http://provider-user/user/sayHaha";
//返回值类型和我们的业务返回值一致
return resttemplate.getForObject(url, String.class);
}
}
7.执行j-cloud-sonsumer的main方法,启动消费者工程
8.在浏览器访问或者刷新:http://localhost:8761,在eureka服务注册发现中心查看消费者服务是否已被发现注册
注册成功如下,可以看到应用名称,访问地址
四,测试
1.在地址栏直接访问消费者地址,http://localhost:8001/hello,成功调用到 j-cloud-provider1提供的接口并返回结果!
2.**升级难度**尝试开启多个provider实例,用来测试负载均衡****
可以采用修改yml文件 中的端口号重复启动实例,也可以另外新建多个provider(我们采用这种方式),修改其中的yml文件中的端口号,然后启动。
由于eureka配置了ribbon负载均衡策略,消费者的请求会在客户端被决定好发送到哪台服务提供者进行处理。
创建与启动过程不再赘述,参考j-cloud-provider1创建启动过程
注意:
- 创建与j-cloud-provider1所有内容一致的j-cloud-provider2
- 只修改第二个生产者j-cloud-provider2 的 application.yml 中的端口号为7902即可
- 注意不要修改application.yml 中的应用名称, 两个生产者要用同样的名称,代表同一个应用的两个实列
- 然后启动工程
第二个生产者模块: j-cloud-provider2项目结构如下:
3.启动成功后在注册中心查看服务注册情况,2个provider都已经上线
4.地址栏重复访问消费者地址N次,http://localhost:8001/hello,会发现返回结果在两个provider切换,实现了负载均衡
第n次:
第n+1次:
至此,基础demo搭建完成
您可以继续查看下一章:springcloud教程 -- 2.feign的使用实践,优雅的发送请求
下载完整工程在这里:若对您有用,帮忙点个赞,谢谢https://github.com/Jorian93/j-cloud.git
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