Segmentation fault (core dumped)解决方法
core dump又叫核心转储, 当程序运行过程中发生异常, 程序异常退出时, 由操作系统把程序当前的内存状况存储在一个core文件中, 叫core dump. (linux中如果内存越界会收到SIGSEGV信号,然后就会core dump)
在程序运行的过程中,有的时候我们会遇到Segment fault(段错误)这样的错误。这种看起来比较困难,因为没有任何的栈、trace信息输出。该种类型的错误往往与指针操作相关。往往可以通过这样的方式进行定位。
一 造成segment fault,产生core dump的可能原因
1.内存访问越界
2 多线程程序使用了线程不安全的函数。
3 多线程读写的数据未加锁保护。对于会被多个线程同时访问的全局数据,应该注意加锁保护,否则很容易造成core dump
4 非法指针
a) 使用空指针
b) 随意使用指针转换。一个指向一段内存的指针,除非确定这段内存原先就分配为某种结构或类型,或者这种结构或类型的数组,否则不要将它转换为这种结构或类型 的指针,而应该将这段内存拷贝到一个这种结构或类型中,再访问这个结构或类型。这是因为如果这段内存的开始地址不是按照这种结构或类型对齐的,那么访问它 时就很容易因为bus error而core dump.
5 堆栈溢出.不要使用大的局部变量(因为局部变量都分配在栈上),这样容易造成堆栈溢出,破坏系统的栈和堆结构,导致出现莫名其妙的错误。
二
首先通过ulimit命 令查看一下系统是否配置支持了dump core的功能。通过ulimit -c或ulimit -a,可以查看core file大小的配置情况,如果为0,则表示系统关闭了dump core。可以通过ulimit -c unlimited来打开。若发生了段错误,但没有core dump,是由于系统禁止core文件的生成。
解决方法:
$ulimit -c unlimited (只对当前shell进程有效)
或在~/.bashrc 的最后加入:
# ulimit -c
0
$
core file size
data seg size
file size
三
发生core dump之后, 用gdb进行查看core文件的内容, 以定位文件中引发core dump的行.
gdb [exec file] [core file]
如:
四
1. 空指针
样例:
#include
int main(void)
{
}
# gcc -g test.c -o test
# ./test
hello world! dump core for set value to NULL pointer
Segmentation fault
/× Get segmentation fault, but there is no core dump. The reason is that the system configure core file size to zero ×/
# ls
test
# ulimit -c unlimited
# ./test
hello world! dump core for set value to NULL pointer
Segmentation fault (core dumped)
# ls
core.5581
# gdb test core.5581
GNU gdb Red Hat Linux (6.3.0.0-1.132.EL4rh)
Copyright 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
GDB is free software, covered by the GNU General Public License, and you are
welcome to change it and/or distribute copies of it under certain conditions.
Type "show copying" to see the conditions.
There is absolutely no warranty for GDB.
This GDB was configured as "x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu"...Using host libthread_db library "/lib64/tls/libthread_db.so.1".
Core was generated by `./test'.
Program terminated with signal 11, Segmentation fault.
Reading symbols from /lib64/tls/libc.so.6...done.
Loaded symbols for /lib64/tls/libc.so.6
Reading symbols from /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2...done.
Loaded symbols for /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2
#0
warning: Source file is more recent than executable.
6
(gdb) bt
#0
2. 栈溢出。
有关栈溢出的程序,请参见:一个测试栈大小的小程序
http://blog.163.com/huang_bp/blog/static/12311983720099150746901/edit/
# gcc -g test.c -o test -lpthread
# ls
test
# ./test
...
Segmentation fault (core dumped)
# ls
core.5616
# gdb test core.5616
GNU gdb Red Hat Linux (6.3.0.0-1.132.EL4rh)
Copyright 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
GDB is free software, covered by the GNU General Public License, and you are
welcome to change it and/or distribute copies of it under certain conditions.
Type "show copying" to see the conditions.
There is absolutely no warranty for GDB.
This GDB was configured as "x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu"...Using host libthread_db library "/lib64/tls/libthread_db.so.1".
Core was generated by `./test'.
Program terminated with signal 11, Segmentation fault.
Reading symbols from /lib64/tls/libpthread.so.0...done.
Loaded symbols for /lib64/tls/libpthread.so.0
Reading symbols from /lib64/tls/libc.so.6...done.
Loaded symbols for /lib64/tls/libc.so.6
Reading symbols from /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2...done.
Loaded symbols for /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2
#0
(gdb) list
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
对于栈溢出的segment fault没有第一个定位方便,需要分析代码才能判断出原因。
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