目录

背景说明

搭建步骤

slurm 常用命令

进阶(GPU)

参考文献


背景说明

Slurm 任务调度工具(前身为极简Linux资源管理工具,英文:Simple Linux Utility for Resource Management,取首字母,简写为SLURM),它是一个用于 Linux 和 Unix 内核系统的免费,开源的任务调度工具,被世界范围内的超级计算机计算机群广泛采用。它提供了三个关键功能

  • 第一,为用户分配一定时间的专享或非专享的资源(计算机节点),以供用户执行工作
  • 第二,它提供了一个框架,用于启动、执行、监测在节点上运行着的任务(通常是并行的任务,例如 MPI)
  • 第三,为任务队列合理地分配资源

搭建机器
10.145.67.213    master,控制机
10.134.100.133  slave1,计算机
10.141.160.105  slave2,计算机

搭建步骤

1. 如果不使用root用户装软件,需创建 slurm 账户(id必须是412),否则跳过此步

export SLURMUSER=412 
groupadd -g $SLURMUSER slurm 
useradd -m -c "SLURM workload manager" -d /var/lib/slurm -u $SLURMUSER -g slurm -s /bin/bash slurm
id slurm

2. slurm使用munge认证, 需安装 munge 和 munge-devel,若有源,直接安装,若没有,自行编译。在所有机器装上munge,在master机上创建证书,scp到其他节点。munge安装后,涉及的目录是munge:munge,需改组。若非root用户, 需将涉及的几个目录 chown slurm:slurm

yum install -y munge munge-devel
/usr/sbin/create-munge-key

# 将master 机生成的munge.key发送到slave机上
scp /etc/munge/munge.key xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:/etc/munge
chown root:root /etc/munge
chown root:root  /var/run/munge
chown root:root  /var/lib/munge
chown root:root  /var/log/munge
chown root:root  /etc/munge/munge.key

3.在每台机器上,启动munge,校验是否启动成功

su slurm  # 没有root权限用户执行,否则跳过此命令
munged
ps -aux | grep munged

4.slurm编译配置(易错点)
本人采用源码编译, 下载地址,自行选择版本,本人选择 slurm-17.02.11.tar.bz2, 解压编译安装。

tar -bxvf slurm-17.02.11.tar.bz2
cd slurm-17.02.11
./configure
make
make install
slurmctld -V   # 报没有/usr/local/etc/slurm.conf文件错误,表明安装成功

配置集群的slurm.conf文件前,首先得配置 hostname,有时候hostname其他地方也需要使用,不能随便修改,可以取别名让配置能识别。修改 /etc/hosts, 以master机为例,否则可能出现"slurmctld: error: this host (xx) not valid controller (master
or (null))", 你的 "ControlMachine" 不等于 hostname -s时就会出现此错误

[@gd.67.213 etc]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
10.145.67.213 gd.67.213 master

conf文件在slurm解压的源码目录etc下有,slurm.conf.example, cp一份为slurm.conf,修改,本人的配置如下

#
# Example slurm.conf file. Please run configurator.html
# (in doc/html) to build a configuration file customized
# for your environment.
#
#
# slurm.conf file generated by configurator.html.
#
# See the slurm.conf man page for more information.
#
ClusterName=slurm-xzy
ControlMachine=rysnc
ControlAddr=10.145.67.213
#BackupController=
#BackupAddr=
#
#SlurmUser=slurm
SlurmdUser=root
SlurmctldPort=6817
SlurmdPort=6818
AuthType=auth/munge
#JobCredentialPrivateKey=
#JobCredentialPublicCertificate=
StateSaveLocation=/var/spool/slurm/ctld
SlurmdSpoolDir=/var/spool/slurm/d
SwitchType=switch/none
MpiDefault=none
SlurmctldPidFile=/var/run/slurmctld.pid
SlurmdPidFile=/var/run/slurmd.pid
ProctrackType=proctrack/pgid
#PluginDir=
#FirstJobId=
ReturnToService=0
#MaxJobCount=
#PlugStackConfig=
#PropagatePrioProcess=
#PropagateResourceLimits=
#PropagateResourceLimitsExcept=
#Prolog=
#Epilog=
#SrunProlog=
#SrunEpilog=
#TaskProlog=
#TaskEpilog=
#TaskPlugin=
#TrackWCKey=no
#TreeWidth=50
#TmpFS=
#UsePAM=
#
# TIMERS
SlurmctldTimeout=300
SlurmdTimeout=300
InactiveLimit=0
MinJobAge=300
KillWait=30
Waittime=0
#
# SCHEDULING
SchedulerType=sched/backfill
#SchedulerAuth=
SelectType=select/linear
FastSchedule=1
#PriorityType=priority/multifactor
#PriorityDecayHalfLife=14-0
#PriorityUsageResetPeriod=14-0
#PriorityWeightFairshare=100000
#PriorityWeightAge=1000
#PriorityWeightPartition=10000
#PriorityWeightJobSize=1000
#PriorityMaxAge=1-0
#
# LOGGING
SlurmctldDebug=3
SlurmctldLogFile=/var/log/slurmctld.log
SlurmdDebug=3
SlurmdLogFile=/var/log/slurmd.log
JobCompType=jobcomp/none
#JobCompLoc=
#
# ACCOUNTING
#JobAcctGatherType=jobacct_gather/linux
#JobAcctGatherFrequency=30
#
#AccountingStorageType=accounting_storage/slurmdbd
#AccountingStorageHost=
#AccountingStorageLoc=
#AccountingStoragePass=
#AccountingStorageUser=
#
# COMPUTE NODES
NodeName=slave2 Sockets=1 Procs=1 CoresPerSocket=8 ThreadsPerCore=2 RealMemory=300 State=UNKNOWN NodeAddr=10.141.160.105
NodeName=slave1 Sockets=1 Procs=1 CoresPerSocket=1 ThreadsPerCore=1 RealMemory=300 State=UNKNOWN NodeAddr=10.134.100.133
NodeName=master Sockets=1 Procs=1 CoresPerSocket=3 ThreadsPerCore=2 RealMemory=300 State=UNKNOWN NodeAddr=10.145.67.213
PartitionName=compute Nodes=slave1,slave2 Default=YES MaxTime=INFINITE State=UP
PartitionName=control Nodes=master Default=NO MaxTime=INFINITE State=UP

说明,上面的slurm.conf末尾NodeName配置中, Procs是该节点能使用的CPU数,Sockets,CoresPerSocket和ThreadsPerCore可使用 lscpu查看配置(procs=sockets * corespersocket * threadpercore),内存自行根据机器设置。分区 PartitionName, Defult代表该机是否做运算,建议控制机设置NO不做运算,分区名自定义,不必叫 control、compute

[@gd.67.213 etc]# lscpu
Architecture:          x86_64
CPU op-mode(s):        32-bit, 64-bit
Byte Order:            Little Endian
CPU(s):                6
On-line CPU(s) list:   0-5
Thread(s) per core:    2
Core(s) per socket:    3
Socket(s):             1
NUMA node(s):          1

将slurm.conf,分别拷贝到/usr/local/etc ,这也是解决错误"slurmd: error: s_p_parse_file: unable to status file /usr/local/etc/slurm.conf: No such file or directory, retrying in 1sec up to 60sec"

创建slurm中部分配置的目录,/var/spool/slurm/ctld 和 /var/spool/slurm/d ,不然会报类似错 "slurmd: fatal: mkdir(/var/spool/slurm/d): No such file or directory"
将slurm.conf文件拷贝到其他slave机


5. 启动。可以先前端启动查看是否有错, 没有错在以后台运行守护进程,注意: -D是前端展示

# master 机
slurmctld -D   # 前端打印显示
slurmctld -c   # 后台运行

# slave 机
slurmd -D
slurmd -c

在master机上可执行 sinfo查看节点信息

[@gd.67.213 etc]# sinfo
PARTITION AVAIL  TIMELIMIT  NODES  STATE NODELIST
compute*     up   infinite      2   idle slave[1-2]
control      up   infinite      1  down* master

slurm 常用命令

  • sacct:查看历史作业信息
  • salloc:分配资源
  • sbatch:提交批处理作业
  • scancel:取消作业
  • scontrol:系统控制

scontrol show job jobid  :显示jobid的信息
           scontrol show nodes  :显示节点信息

  • sinfo:查看节点与分区状态
  • squeue:查看队列状态
  • srun:执行作业

进阶(GPU)

是否能使用虚机(上面没GPU卡)提一个GPU的任务(比如 Tensorflow 的任务)到有GPU卡的分区上去执行。答案是可以的
首先,slurm.conf文件添加类似如下内容。我的slave3上是 tesla的GPU,2块GPU卡,GPU信息可使用 nvidia-smi 来查看。本人如下图

GresTypes=gpu
NodeName=slave3 Sockets=2 Procs=32 CoresPerSocket=8 ThreadsPerCore=2 RealMemory=3000 Gres=gpu:tesla:2 State=UNKNOWN NodeAddr=10.135.12.29

此外,slave3这个机器需配置GPU信息,编辑 /usr/local/etc/gres.conf 文件,内容如下。Type  和 File 自行修改

# Configure support for four GPUs (with MPS), plus bandwidth
Name=gpu Type=tesla  File=/dev/nvidia0
Name=gpu Type=tesla  File=/dev/nvidia1

在虚机(是slurm里的一个节点), 编写提交脚本test.slurm,内容如下:

#!/bin/bash
#SBATCH -J TF-test
#SBATCH -p AiTf       
#SBATCH -N 1 
#SBATCH --cpus-per-task=1
#SBATCH -t 5:00  
#SBATCH --ntasks-per-node=1 

#SBATCH -o job.%j.out
#SBATCH --qos=low
#SBATCH --mail-type=end
#SBATCH --mail-user=xxx@xx.com
#SBATCH --gres=gpu:tesla:2

module load python-2.7

srun python test.py

其中J 为任务名,p指定任务运行的分区,t 运行时间限制,gres指定gpu资源,module 加载py2.7,若不懂module可见本人另一篇博客 Linux environment modules  
test.py 必须在slave3这台机器存在,本人的是 gpu的tensorflow例子。先在slave3机器,安装tensorflow-gpu版本,执行python test.py。可能会出现类似错误,具体修改tf.device里面的内容

tensorflow.python.framework.errors_impl.InvalidArgumentError: Cannot assign a device for operation MatMul: node MatMul (defined at test.py:12) was explicitly assigned to /device:GPU:0 but available devices are [ /job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:CPU:0, /job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:XLA_CPU:0, /job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:XLA_GPU:0, /job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:XLA_GPU:1 ]. Make sure the device specification refers to a valid device.
import datetime
import tensorflow as tf

print('gpuversion')
# Creates a graph.(gpu version)
starttime2 = datetime.datetime.now()
#running
with tf.device('/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:XLA_GPU:0'):
  a = tf.constant([1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0,1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0], shape=[6, 9], name='a')
  b = tf.constant([1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0,1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0], shape=[9, 6], name='b')
  c = tf.matmul(a, b)
  c = tf.matmul(c,a)
  c = tf.matmul(c,b)
# Creates a session with log_device_placement set to True.
sess2 = tf.Session(config=tf.ConfigProto(log_device_placement=True))
# Runs the op.
for i in range(59999):
    sess2.run(c)
print(sess2.run(c))
sess2.close()
endtime2 = datetime.datetime.now()
time2 = (endtime2 - starttime2).microseconds
print('time2:',time2)

这个执行的结果类似:

[[ 18225.  36450.  54675.  72900.  91125. 109350.]
 [ 24300.  48600.  72900.  97200. 121500. 145800.]
 [ 18225.  36450.  54675.  72900.  91125. 109350.]
 [ 24300.  48600.  72900.  97200. 121500. 145800.]
 [ 18225.  36450.  54675.  72900.  91125. 109350.]
 [ 24300.  48600.  72900.  97200. 121500. 145800.]]
('time2:', 618094)

参考文献

slurm命令   https://www.jianshu.com/p/e560b19dbd3e
his host (xx) not valid controller https://slurm-dev.schedmd.narkive.com/iPJzbg5x/newbie-issue-with-new-slurm-install
搭建slurm  https://blog.csdn.net/datuqiqi/article/details/50827040
http://bicmr.pku.edu.cn/~wenzw/pages/quickstart.html
slurm官方文档  https://slurm.schedmd.com/overview.html
ubuntu slurm-gpu https://gummary.github.io/2018/11/09/install-slurm/
https://www.nrel.gov/hpc/assets/pdfs/slurm-advanced-topics.pdf
http://blog.zxh.site/2018/10/14/HPC-series-13-schedule-GPU/
https://www.cuhk.edu.hk/itsc/hpc/slurm.html

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