如何使用git比较两次commit之间的差异文件

有时候需要查看两次提交之间的差异。
只需下面几个步骤即可。
1、git log  查看提交历史 如下：

commit 5dab4a955535fcc42832ce33696489d8e8b232ec
Author: songchong <songchong@artekmicro.com>
Date:   Tue Aug 22 20:10:08 2017 +0800


    git commit 5th


commit c324747f80f9612f59dd7b575136261dd6dff01d
Author: songchong <songchong@artekmicro.com>
Date:   Tue Aug 22 20:07:32 2017 +0800


    git commit fourth


commit 2584c25bc1288e9519f78b53cda9081978c56735
Author: songchong <songchong@artekmicro.com>
Date:   Tue Aug 22 19:47:47 2017 +0800


    git commit three


commit b8b70ca89eb574a12b1b49c5f454d5e0525f60d6
Author: songchong <songchong@artekmicro.com>
Date:   Tue Aug 22 19:45:34 2017 +0800


    git commit two


commit d13fd344d51d042cf48a8acab43070550cff9ce4
Author: songchong <songchong@artekmicro.com>
Date:   Tue Aug 22 19:44:42 2017 +0800


    git commit one

如果我们想查看第四次和第五次提交之间的差异。可以用如下命令：

git diff hash1 hash2 --stat  

 显示第四次和第五次这两次提交的差异文件即：

songchong@srv-artek-pad:~/mytest/songchong$ git diff c324747f80f9612f59dd7b575136261dd6dff01d 5dab4a955535fcc42832ce33696489d8e8b232ec --stat
 test  |    4 ++--
 test2 |    3 ++-
 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
songchong@srv-artek-pad:~/mytest/songchong$ 

2、可以看出，git列出了四五两次提交之间的差异文件是 test 和 test2.
如果想进一步查看test修改了那些地方：
只需将 git diff hash1 hash2 --stat 中的 --stat改为具体的文件即可

songchong@srv-artek-pad:~/mytest/songchong$ git diff c324747f80f9612f59dd7b575136261dd6dff01d 5dab4a955535fcc42832ce33696489d8e8b232ec test
diff --git a/test b/test
index 6d6cdbb..60781a8 100644
--- a/test
+++ b/test
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-
+6666666666666666666
 llllllllllllllaaaa
-
+8888888888888888888
 
 dsfsdkgdfkghjjh
 
songchong@srv-artek-pad:~/mytest/songchong$ 

3、如果想将两次提交的差异部分提取成补丁文件：

git diff hash1 hash2 filename > patch_name
songchong@srv-artek-pad:~/mytest/songchong$ git diff c324747f80f9612f59dd7b575136261dd6dff01d 5dab4a955535fcc42832ce33696489d8e8b232ec test > testpatch
songchong@srv-artek-pad:~/mytest/songchong$ cat testpatch 
diff --git a/test b/test
index 6d6cdbb..60781a8 100644
--- a/test
+++ b/test
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-
+6666666666666666666
 llllllllllllllaaaa
-
+8888888888888888888
 
 dsfsdkgdfkghjjh

4、如果想将多个文件的差异生成到同一patch文件 则：

git diff hash1 hash2 filename1 filename2 > patch_name 即：

git diff c324747f80f9612f59dd7b575136261dd6dff01d 5dab4a955535fcc42832ce33696489d8e8b232ec test test2 > testpatch  

生成补丁后，到相关目录里面可以打补丁。
pathc -p1 < patch_name

其中-p1是代表忽略当前目录下的几级目录。